Privileged & Confidential

Hedgekings + Wymond Labs
Patent Enforcement Campaign

5 patents · 23 defendants · $100B+ prediction-market industry

AGGREGATE EXPOSURE
$888M $2.26B
Willful ceiling up to $6.78B · Filed in the District of Delaware
§ 1 · The Thesis

A disciplined, evidence-first enforcement campaign against the accused architecture.

23 named defendants across the $100B+ prediction-market industry all infringe the same 5 patents. The campaign consolidates them into a single, stress-tested theory — with the evidence dossier already assembled and defense motions pre-answered before any complaint is filed.

▼ EVIDENCE INPUTS ▼ 60 USPTO Reviews Primary-source diligence · file-wrapper deep-dives 40 Notable Findings Cross-validated · 3–7 sources each 24 § 101 Shield Pillars Defensive framework pre-drafted 27 Claim Charts 23 defendants + 4 § 271(b)/(c) suppliers ★ POST-DE-RISKING PROBABILITY ★ 0 100% 79–85% RECOVERY PROBABILITY · >$50M § 101 RISK 4–6% 25-pillar shield MARKMAN RISK 2–3% Binding claim definition ▼ RECOVERY OUTPUTS ▼ NOMINAL (TOP-8) $888M – $2.26B Gaming-sector comparable model ★ RISK-ADJ EV · ×0.32 $271M – $872M § 101 × PTAB × merits WILLFUL 3× CEILING $2.66B – $6.78B
§ 2 · The Unreproducible Campaign

This campaign is structurally defended — no firm starting from scratch can reproduce what's already assembled.

The full evidence dossier for this campaign is already built. Patented.ai has delivered 60 USPTO reviews, 40 cross-validated findings, 27 claim charts (23 defendants + 4 § 271(b)/(c) suppliers), and drafted the complaint, eligibility-defense brief, and claim-construction brief. A firm starting from scratch today is 18–36 months behind on the dossier alone.

Hedgekings + Wymond contribute patents only · $0 upfront · full litigation muscle from Day 1

Patented.ai The Patented.ai Edge · Why This Campaign Starts at Day 0, Not Month 18

$ · SAVINGS (not cost)
COUNSEL WOULD PAY ANYWAY $5M – $15M+ ★ PATENTED.AI · SAME WORK $700K–$2.5M ← SAVED →
$2.5M–$14M saved
Not an added expense — replaces outside-firm research counsel would already pay for
Benchmark: 60 USPTO reviews × ~40 hr × ~$1,500/hr partner rate ≈ $3.6M research alone — before complaint, § 101 shield, Markman brief, 27 claim charts, or pre-suit letters
⚡ · SPEED
DAY 0 M18 M36 TRADITIONAL BUILD-OUT ★ P.AI READY 18–36 MONTHS SAVED
Day 0 ready
60 USPTO reviews done · complaint + § 101 + Markman drafted
◎ · BREADTH
TRADITIONAL · 3–5 ★ PATENTED.AI · 23 + 55 targets declined
Full universe
Every inclusion + exclusion justified in writing
⚙ · DEPTH
TRADITIONAL Secondary digests ★ PATENTED.AI USPTO file wrappers SEC / CFTC filings Defendant ToS / App Store Wayback archives → 40 findings · 3–7 sources each · Tier-A
Tier-A primary
3 speculative theories retracted · Rule-11-defensible Day 0
The 3 capabilities behind the edge
1 · Speed — months compressed into days
Automated collection from authoritative records: USPTO, SEC, CFTC, on-chain data, and web archives. The 6-month research phase that a 4-attorney team used to run now finishes in days.
2 · Rigor — every fact court-ready
Each finding is backed by 3–7 primary sources, reviewed by IP attorneys, and ranked by source authority before it ships. Speculative theories are cut — only evidence that survives litigation scrutiny stays in.
3 · Deliverable — briefs, not research
Complete drafts handed off: complaint, patent-eligibility (§ 101) shield brief, claim-construction (Markman) brief, and per-defendant notice letters. Counsel reviews, edits, files — no rebuilding from scratch.
Primary Team · Burillo's existing counsel
Jonathan Schwartz — litigation anchor · trial execution · Steven Greenberg (Reg. 44725, CRGO Global) prosecuting attorney on all 5 patents · Peter Cenar — deal structure · counter-assertion · Eduardo Burillo + Jeff Gross — inventor principals and partners at Accretion Capital (Miami family office · sports/gaming-tech investment thesis) · practicing-entity anchors via Wymond Labs · Patented.ai — evidence dossier + advisory.
§ 3 · The Portfolio

4 asserted patents covering the accused architecture — owned by committed operator-inventors with clean title.

The inventors aren't patent trolls — they're active operators in the prediction-market industry itself. That neutralizes the defense tactic of arguing a passive patent-holder shouldn't get high damages or injunctions.

UNITED STATES PATENT
US 10,970,965
US 10,970,965 cover drawing
Suggestion Engine for Aftermarket Brokered Wagers
Hedgekings
Granted Apr 2021 · Expires May 2039
★ ANCHOR — E4 "odds" claim
UNITED STATES PATENT
US 10,970,966
US 10,970,966 cover drawing
Spontaneous Eco-system of Aftermarket Brokered Wagers
Hedgekings
Granted Apr 2021 · Expires May 2039
Pool-import — WagerWire read
UNITED STATES PATENT
US 10,970,972
US 10,970,972 cover drawing
NOT ASSERTED
Wager Registration (physical-ticket image handling)
Hedgekings
Granted Apr 2021 · Expires May 2039
No defendant match
UNITED STATES PATENT
US 11,403,706
US 11,403,706 cover drawing
Heads Up Display for Online Wagering
Wymond Labs
Granted Aug 2022 · Expires Mar 2041
✓ Maintenance fee paid Feb 2026
UNITED STATES PATENT
US 11,523,161
US 11,523,161 cover drawing
Exciting Moment Pre-Cognizant Notification
Wymond Labs
Granted Dec 2022 · Expires May 2040
⚠ Maintenance due by Dec 2026
Why we don't assert '972: '972 requires processing photos of physical paper wager tickets. None of the 23 defendants uses that architecture — asserting it would be baseless and would dilute the strong infringement reads on the other 4 patents. Disciplined scope: the 4 asserted patents cover the full infringement surface.
EB
Co-Inventor · Active Operator ★ COMMITTED

Eduardo Burillo

Founder of Accretion Capital. Operator-investor in PrizePicks (sold to Allwyn Sep 2025; $1.6B upfront / up to $4.15B with performance earnout; now first DFS operator with CFTC FCM; PrizePicks Predicts launched Nov 2025 with Kalshi + Polymarket), WagerWire, StakeKings, and Hedge Kings.

JG
Co-Inventor · Active Operator ★ COMMITTED

Jeffrey Gross

Partner at Accretion Capital alongside Burillo — co-backer of PrizePicks. Investor in Playmaker Betting. Former senior executive at partypoker. $5M+ professional poker earnings.

Clean Chain of Title

Single-step assignments from inventors to owners — no third-party licenses, no security interests, no outstanding liens. Hedgekings LLC owns '965/'966; Wymond Labs LLC owns '706/'161. Both LLC principals aligned — engagement letters execute within the 6-week decision window.

Prosecution discipline: Burillo's counsel filed 5 wager-focused patent apps — all 5 cleared the eligibility bar. The 3 non-wager apps filed in parallel were rejected. Evidence of deliberate, skilled drafting.

§ 3b · The Asserted Architecture · 4 patents covering the full infringement surface

Four patents. 23 defendants. All 23 cases filed in Delaware federal court and managed together by one judge — so a single Markman ruling shapes the entire cohort. '965 reaches broadly; '161 reaches live-video operators; '706 and '966 anchor at WagerWire.

Each step below is a concrete requirement from the patent claim — not a generic idea. WagerWire's live product uses Burillo's verbatim 2020 USPTO language ("Original Odds" / "Current Odds") — the anchor that locks the claim-construction ruling for the whole cohort.

'965 · US 10,970,965 — FRACTIONAL WAGER BROKERING ARCHITECTURE (ANCHOR PATENT) E1 Profile the user Look up what the user is likely to buy Location · favorite teams · wager history · social graph E2 Find available wagers Filter wagers owned by other registered subscribers Per-subscriber profile filter (location · teams · history) E3 Pick a specific seller Output one recommended wager owned by a specific subscriber Named seller (not a pool) Registered to wager system E4 Push at locked odds Send a mobile offer for a partial stake at the original odds — not today's odds ★ THE DECISIVE CLAIM TERM E5 Record shared ownership Log that the wager is now split between 2+ users Federal exchange or blockchain ★ DISPOSITIVE ELEMENT
Reads on: WagerWire practices all 5 steps (E1–E5) directly — the anchor defendant, and the one operator whose live product uses Burillo's exact 2020 USPTO language. Primary-market defendants (Kalshi · Polymarket · DraftKings · FanDuel · Robinhood · Fanatics · plus Wave 2–3 operators) are reached through their platform suppliers (Genius Sports · Simplebet · CME Group · Sportradar) via § 271(b) inducement — each supplier admits in its own USPTO filings and product pages that it supplies the infringing architecture into downstream operator products. Sportradar in particular is MLB's exclusive global distributor of data for prediction markets ($150–300M 3-yr deal announced Mar 19, 2026) + Alpha Odds AI-repricing ("adapts to real-time liabilities, predicted changes, customer behavior, and live market data") + VAIX Bet Builder ("next best bet" push recommender · 1,700 ORAKO customers worldwide).
Own-patent admission: DraftKings US 11,574,522 B1 Claim 1 admits personalized-UI architecture using profile + filter + ranking — directly mapping E1→E2→E3 of '965 Claim 1. See § 12b for the per-defendant element-coverage matrix.
Industry-dichotomy confirmation: 5 major traditional sportsbook operators publicly REFUSED to build this architecture (Caesars · MGM/BetMGM · PENN · BetRivers · Hard Rock — CEO disclaimers on-record) while ICE — NYSE's parent, founded 1792 — AFFIRMATIVELY bet $2 billion on it via Polymarket (completed March 27, 2026). The 23-defendant cohort is a deliberately-curated subset practicing the specific claimed architecture, not a sweep of every gaming operator.
'706 · US 11,403,706 — HUD OVERLAY + FESTO-BOUND CHAT UI (5 ELEMENTS) H1 Wager UI controls Each wager: odds + price paid + owner H2 Display to subscriber Shown in subscriber's device UI H3 Track live odds Contemporaneous odds vs. ★ DISPOSITIVE ELEMENT H4 + HUD overlay Button + meter (time / variance) H5 Subscriber chat ACCEPT / COUNTER / REJECT ★ FESTO · examiner amend
Reads on: WagerWire directly (H1–H5) — accept/counter/reject chat satisfies the subscriber-to-subscriber requirement, the one element that the examiner moved into the independent claim at allowance. Primary-market operators show partial element evidence: Kalshi SS1 chart + $P&L markers (H3+H4) · Robinhood timeline meter (H4) · DK Simplebet Game Tracker iframe (H3+H4) · FanDuel NFL Live 3D + BetVision overlay (H4) — and are reached through their HUD-tech suppliers via § 271(b) inducement. Lead suppliers: Sportradar 4Sight Streaming ("uses AI to overlay real-time stats and insights directly onto live video" — LITERAL HUD-tech supply (H3+H4) · 100K+ events/yr into DK/FD/ESPN/Caesars) and Simplebet (HUD tech, now DK subsidiary after the Aug 2024 acquisition).
Reciprocal admissions: DraftKings' US 11,622,156 B1 admits "meter showing a time remaining for the event" — verbatim '706 H4. DraftKings' US 11,606,598 B2 admits "modifying the first display region responsive to the wager" — HUD overlay. SBTech (DK subsidiary) US 11,514,758 B2 admits "countdown timer indicating a defined time period" + "GUI widget…animation of said defined incident" — compound '706 H4 + '161 architecture admission. CME Group US 12,443,990 B2 (granted Oct 14, 2025) admits "systems, methods, and user interfaces for order matrix management and highlighting" — literal '706 C1 HUD self-admission from CME's own 10-month-old patent.
'161 · US 11,523,161 — PRE-COGNIZANT EXCITING-MOMENT PUSH (7 CLAUSES) N1 Define CNN Table in memory with trained CNN N2 Annotate frames Pre-cognizant: BEFORE ★ FESTO-BOUND N3 Stream live video Live event over network N4 Match frame Streamed frame to annotated image N5 Send message Subscriber push with video hyperlink N6 % Compute probability Wager-payout likelihood from the moment N7 Activatable control In-message prompt to ★ DISPOSITIVE ELEMENT
Reads on: DK BetVision live-video push (N3+N4) · FD Pulse "as the action unfolds" CNN (N1+N2) · Polymarket-DAZN one-tap link (N4+N5) · Sportradar § 271(b) quadruple-inducer stack — Foresight basketball foundation model ("billions of 3D body pose data points... reads body positions in real time to predict what's likely to happen next" = N1+N2 CNN) + AWS Soccer Goal Predictor ("predict future soccer goals 2 seconds in advance of the event" = LITERAL N2 pre-cognizant) + WSC Sports Live Video Notification ("AI-driven video push notification... short event clips via push" = N5+N6) + Video Clips (CV auto-create + push-to-stream-hyperlink = N5+N6+N7) · Genius BetVision contextual prompts (N3+N4)
Own-patent admissions: ★ DraftKings US 11,457,285 B1 ("Notifications of Critical Events": change-in-odds → notification → actionable object that…navigates to broadcast of the live event — N2+N4+N5+N7 verbatim) · Simplebet US 12,293,263 B2 ("predicting future outcomes" + ML on live data — N1+N2+N3+N6) · Simplebet US 11,451,842 B2 ("predicting match state event" from live multimedia — N3+N4) · Simplebet US 12,015,812 B2 (continuation of '842 granted Jun 2024 — same architecture) · Genius Sports US 12,260,789 B2 ("library of stored video sequences" + "semantic labels" — N1+N2) · Genius Sports US 12,573,199 B2 (spatiotemporal index — N2+N3+N4) · SBTech US 11,514,758 B2 (DK subsidiary — incident feed + dynamic probability + GUI widget = N2+N3+N6+N7) · FanDuel App 2026/0087897 A1 (N5+N7) · CME Group US 11,842,397 B1 ("exchange feed for trade reporting") + Smart Stream on GCP verbatim "CME Group pushes data into Topics" — literal '161 N4 push-message admission from CME's own patent + product page
'966 · US 10,970,966 — NON-SUBSCRIBER AFTERMARKET EXCHANGE (6 CLAUSES) A1 Register subscribers Aftermarket system with registered users A2 Import request New wagers NOT in ★ DISPOSITIVE ELEMENT A3 Non-subscriber origin Wager participants NOT ★ FESTO-BOUND A4 Write to registry Store imported odds + participants A5 Publish for re-sale List pool for aftermarket fractional re-sale A6 Fractional acquisition Registry entry on partial wager purchase
Reads on: WagerWire alone — sole '966 target across the 23-defendant cohort (every other defendant runs internal-market or B2B-supplier architectures without external non-subscriber pool-import)
§ 4 · The 23 Defendants

23 named direct defendants filed in 4 waves over 20 months.

Filed in 4 sequenced waves. Wave 1a — the 4 defendants with the cleanest infringement, filed together in Delaware so one claim-construction ruling binds all four. Wave 1b — defendants whose own patents trap them: attacking ours would destroy their own portfolios. Waves 2–3 — timed to close the window on patent-office challenges.

FILING TIMELINE → DAY 0–14 DAY 120 DAY 360–450 DAY 540–600 WAVE 1a 4 defendants One hearing binds all four WagerWire AFTERMARKET Kalshi CFTC DCM · $22B Polymarket ICE $2B · $20B VAL. FanDuel PDYPF · FLUTTER WAVE 1b 2 defendants Their own patents trap them SimBull STOCK-STYLE DraftKings NASDAQ: DKNG WAVE 2 8 defendants Enablers + mid-tier targets CME Group NASDAQ: CME ICE NYSE: ICE SIG SUSQUEHANNA Robinhood NASDAQ: HOOD Webull NASDAQ: BULL Sportradar NASDAQ: SRAD Genius Sports NYSE: GENI Simplebet § 271(c)+(b) · DK-OWNED WAVE 3 9 defendants Exchange platforms + smaller targets Sporttrade CFTC DCM Novig EXCHANGE ProphetX P2P Fanatics Mkts EVENT-CONTRACT Underdog Pr. EVENT-CONTRACT RSBIX BACK / LAY Smarkets SIG SERIES B XV XV Exchange BACK / LAY Gemini Titan WATCH-LIST
Five federal exchanges — joined in one hearing
Kalshi, Polymarket/QCEX, Railbird, Rothera E&C, and Sporttrade are all CFTC-regulated prediction-market exchanges running the same patented architecture — shared clearinghouse plus order-matching engine. One consolidated claim-construction ruling binds all five at once.
The 23-defendant list is curated, not a sweep — Rule 11 compliance + Markman focus
Every name on the list operates a specific architecture that reads on '965 E1–E5 (or induces / contributes to one that does). Operators that run traditional house-model sportsbooks are not on the list — and they say so themselves, on the record: Caesars, MGM/BetMGM, PENN, BetRivers, and Hard Rock have all publicly refused prediction-market / aftermarket entry on earnings calls or in regulatory frameworks (full 5-CEO pattern at § 10 Markman slide). The 23-defendant cohort reflects careful selection based on architectural fit — not over-inclusion.
§ 4b · Scope Discipline

Every decline has a receipt.

Rigorous targeting is the campaign's defense against Rule 11 overreach and the defendant playbook move of arguing plaintiffs swept too broadly — every exclusion backed by a per-entity memo citing primary public records.

The filter, at a glance
Each lane documented in a per-entity memo backed by primary USPTO, CFTC, and SEC records
~60
Operators reviewed
Rounds 31 – 44
filter
Publicly Refused
5
CEOs + 1
tribal compact
Caesars BetMGM theScore Bet BetRivers Hard Rock Bet
Architecture Mismatch
50+
entities across
8 categories
Horse racing · Sweeps · DFS · NFTs · Offshore · Data · DCMs
Licensee Anchors
2
practicing entities
eBay injunction lever
WagerWire PrizePicks
named
23
Defendants named
4 asserted patents · D. Del.
+ 2 practicing-entity anchors
5
Publicly Refused
On-record · FRE 801(d)(2)(A) + public gaming compact
Five CEOs across four sportsbooks. One tribal compact. Every word below was published by them — we added nothing.
Caesars
"We will not put any of our licenses at risk. What's happening in prediction markets is sports gambling."
Tom Reeg · CEO, Caesars Entertainment (NASDAQ: CZR) · Q3 '25
BetMGM
"Not a place we'd like to see this marketplace go — full stop."
Bill Hornbuckle · CEO, MGM Resorts (NYSE: MGM) · Sept '25
"BetMGM has no intent to be a first mover. Doing just fine without prediction markets."
Adam Greenblatt · CEO, BetMGM · Q1 '26
theScore Bet
"Staying away from prediction markets. The legal status is clear as mud."
Jay Snowden · CEO, PENN Entertainment (NASDAQ: PENN) · Q4 '25
BetRivers
"We would not be an early adopter. Obvious reservations given the current legal landscape."
Richard Schwartz · CEO, Rush Street Interactive (NYSE: RSI) · Q3 '25
Hard Rock Bet
30-yr Florida compact through 2051. Operates under IGRA — not CFTC. Tribal-sovereignty carve-out.
Hard Rock Bet · Seminole Tribe of Florida · Public gaming compact
50+
Architecture Mismatch
Category-level exclusion · documented per memo
8 categories, 54 entities reviewed. Each category fails a specific claim-element or doctrinal test. Named below so you can verify.
Horse racing · 8 Pennock shield
TVG TwinSpires + NYRABets · 1/ST BET
Sweepstakes · 11 E1 fail
Chumba Stake.us LuckyLand High 5 Pulsz
Traditional DFS · 5 No aftermarket
Sleeper ParlayPlay OwnersBox + Betr Picks
NFT / sports-card · 10 Collectibles
Sorare Fanatics Collect DK Reignmakers + Collectable
US esports books Market empty
Unikrn (shut 2020) · no US operator at scale
Offshore sportsbooks · 9 Extraterritorial
Pinnacle 1xBet Bovada BetUS BetOnline
Sports data vendors · 7 B2B only · no §271(a)
Stats Perform Stats Perform (+Opta) · Second Spectrum · Synergy
Non-event CFTC DCMs · 4 No event surface
CME Group CBOT · NYMEX · COMEX · MGEX (all CME-family)
Licensee Option
Candidate licensee · not a defendant
They already run Burillo's architecture under CFTC license. A friendly deal is available — not required.
PrizePicks
PrizePicks · licensee candidate
Former Accretion portfolio (Burillo + Gross) → now Allwyn-owned
CFTC FCM · 48 states · $339M FY25 EBITDA
Founded 2014 · Atlanta, GA · CEO Mike Ybarra (retained post-acquisition)
Allwyn
Allwyn · parent
Acquired 62.3% Sep 22, 2025 · $1.6B upfront / up to $4.15B total
Czech-based lottery + gaming holding · $11B+ revenue
Kalshi
Kalshi · CFTC-exchange partner
Team Picks + Culture Picks live · multi-year deal
First CFTC-regulated event-contract DCM (2020)
Polymarket
Polymarket · distribution partner
Multi-year · US re-entry launch 2026 via PrizePicks
$20B+ cumulative volume · largest prediction market globally
Why this anchor
Live CFTC license
FCM Nov 2025
Historical ties
Accretion · Burillo+Gross
$4.15B parent
Allwyn · deal-making
Parallel to WagerWire per Round-23 de-risking plan. Additive, not load-bearing — recovery probability goes from ~78% with WagerWire alone to 85–92% with both anchors.

The industry sorted itself into two camps

A factual dichotomy, on the record
← REFUSED
Caesars BetMGM theScore Bet BetRivers Hard Rock Bet
5 traditional operators
"will not put licenses at risk" · "full stop"
23 NAMED DEFENDANTS — BUILT IT
Kalshi DraftKings FanDuel Robinhood WagerWire Fanatics Underdog
+ 16
'965 E1–E5 reads on each. Full cohort at § 4 and § 4c.
EMBRACED · $2B →
ICE
+
Polymarket
NYSE's parent · founded 1792
$2B in Polymarket · completed Mar 27, 2026
What this one slide does for the case:
§ 101 eligibility
Industry dichotomy = Berkheimer Step-2 factual evidence of specificity
Markman
5-CEO refusal pattern reinforces narrow Pennock E4 construction
Rule 11
6 per-entity memos + industry-sweep appendix = documented screening
Damages
BetMGM Q1 '26: −14% rev, −68% EBITDA from PM competition
§ 271(c)
ICE's $2B bet = Aro adaptation textbook admission
Each decline documented in a per-entity memo backed by primary USPTO, CFTC, and SEC records — 6 Round-44 memos (Caesars · MGM/BetMGM · PENN/ESPN BET · BetRivers · Hard Rock · PrizePicks) plus the Round-32/33/34 industry-sweep appendix. Every number on this slide is defendable.
§ 4c · Leverage Map

23 defendants, 6 leverage hubs. Settle at a hub and the pressure cascades to every spoke.

Every line is a real commercial tie — equity, JV, market-making, or supplier contract — not a litigation theory. Settle one hub and its spokes are compelled to follow. Two § 271(b) force multipliers anchor the map: Genius Sports (BetVision/GeniusIQ live in 7 sportsbooks — including 3 named defendants DK / FanDuel / Fanatics; already in active patent-litigation posture via Sportscastr v. Genius Sports EDTX Oct 2023) and Sportradar (MLB's exclusive prediction-market data distributor $150–300M / 3-yr + Foresight pre-cognizant CNN + Alpha Odds AI-repricing; § 271(b) inducement on '965 and '161). Either hub's settlement cascades across its downstream operators.

market-maker 51 / 49 JV $2B equity MLB exclusive · $150–300M FCM → supplies BetVision + GeniusIQ to 7 sportsbooks DraftKings · FanDuel · Fanatics · Caesars · BetRivers · Hard Rock · bet365 ★ $165M ACQ HUB DraftKings NASDAQ: DKNG Railbird CFTC DCM DK $84.8M Simplebet § 271(c)+(b) DK $81.1M ★ 45%-OWNER · 4-DEF PIVOT Susquehanna Rothera 45% · Kalshi ≥94% MM Smarkets · BitGo OTC + Rothera E&C ROBINHOOD + SIG 45% / 45% JV Smarkets SIG LED SERIES B Institutional OTC SIG CRYPTO MAR 2026 Kalshi CFTC DCM · $22B Fanatics BETVISION USER FanDuel CME JV · BETVISION ★ UPSTREAM · 7-SB GATEKEEPER Genius Sports Sports-data · video · AI supplier NFL owns 15.3M shares Sportscastr suit · Oct 2023 ★ 51% JV CONTROLLER CME Group NASDAQ: CME ★ $2B SKIN-IN-GAME ICE NYSE: ICE Polymarket $20B VALUATION ICE $2B EQUITY ★ $150M–300M MLB-EXCLUSIVE Sportradar NASDAQ: SRAD '965 + '706 + '161 · 3-patent §271(b) Webull KALSHI FCM 162M CONTRACTS '25
★ DraftKings — owns Railbird and Simplebet outright. Suing DK means suing all three at once — there's no "someone else did that step" defense.
★ Susquehanna (SIG) — the quiet market-maker behind the industry: 45% of Rothera, 94% of Kalshi's outside volume, Smarkets Series B lead, and BitGo's institutional OTC channel. One SIG deal resolves four defendants at once and shuts off the pipeline feeding institutional money into the whole space.
★ CME Group — holds 51% of FanDuel Predicts, making it the controlling partner. Settle with CME and FanDuel's prediction-market arm settles with it. CME's OWN patents self-admit the architecture: US 12,443,990 ("order matrix management and highlighting") = literal '706 HUD + US 11,842,397 ("exchange feed for trade reporting") = literal '161 N4 push — CME's 1,661-patent portfolio cannot §101-attack Burillo without vaporizing itself.
★ ICE (parent of the NYSE) — $2B equity position in Polymarket, completed March 27, 2026. That's board-level skin in the game — and board-level pressure to settle rather than fight. Dichotomy datapoint: while 5 major traditional sportsbook operators publicly refused to build this architecture (Caesars · MGM · PENN · BetRivers · Hard Rock), ICE — NYSE's parent, founded 1792 — bet $2B on it. The Feb 11, 2026 Polymarket Signals & Sentiment tool that "maps Polymarket signals to specific securities or companies" is a § 271(c) "especially adapted" admission under Aro v. Convertible Top.
★ Genius Sports — the video technology inside 7 major sportsbooks. The stick: a single '706/'161 injunction turns BetVision dark at all 7 overnight. The carrot: a $25–120M settlement with sublicense rights clears forward BetVision exposure for all 7 in one transaction — by far the cheapest way to take 7 operators off the board at once. The NFL owns $150–200M of Genius (stock + warrants), giving the league its own reason to help close. And Genius has already been sued on a similar patent since Oct 2023 (Sportscastr) — meaning every sportsbook that kept shipping BetVision after that date is now exposed to triple damages.
★ Sportradar — the other B2B §271(b) gatekeeper. MLB's exclusive prediction-market data distributor ($150–300M / 3-yr deal, Mar 19, 2026) + NHL 10-year exclusive-gatekeeper + Foresight 3D-CNN (AWS "2 seconds in advance" goal predictor) + 4Sight live HUD. Reads on 3 of 4 asserted patents ('965 + '706 + '161). One Sportradar settlement cuts off the MLB/NHL data supply to Polymarket + Kalshi simultaneously — parallel leverage to the Genius/BetVision cascade. Recovery: $40–150M baseline · $450M willful ceiling.
Plus — the procedural lever. The first claim-construction (Markman) ruling — in WagerWire's case — sets the standard every other defendant has to negotiate against. One judge handles the cohort; one ruling moves all 23 toward settlement (see § 12b).
Two anchors, two different axesWagerWire is the legal anchor (sets what the patent claims MEAN; the Wave-1a Markman ruling becomes persuasive precedent every other defendant has to negotiate against). Genius is the commercial anchor (clears the BetVision product surface across 7 sportsbooks in one settlement). Both are lead settlements — they do different work, not duplicate work.
Optional value-add — PrizePicks (Allwyn) licensing path — not part of the core thesis, but worth flagging: PrizePicks was an Accretion Capital portfolio company that Burillo and Gross exited Sep 2025 when Allwyn took its majority stake. Under Allwyn, PrizePicks obtained its own CFTC FCM and launched a prediction-markets product (PrizePicks Predicts) that runs on Kalshi and Polymarket contracts. A friendly licensing conversation post-close is available if the inventors want a second practicing-entity datapoint alongside WagerWire — useful for damages comparables and eBay-injunction narrative. Not required for the campaign to succeed; additive, not load-bearing.
Fanatics · 5-entity complaint caption — unlike the Genius-spoke shown above, Fanatics runs its own affiliated-MM architecture through Morton St. × 3 (Tech · Investments · Market Maker) + Paragon Global Markets + FBG Enterprises. Single settlement must include all 5 entities + Fanatics Holdings parent. CEO Matt King Dec 2025 admission: "I view this as trading" — Burillo's exact Markman vocabulary. $33.5B parent valuation.
§ 5 · The $100B Market

The industry scaled from quiet to $100B+ annually — every dollar inside our damages window.

Burillo filed in 2019; the first patents granted in April 2021. Between October 2025 and April 2026, the prediction-market industry went from early-stage infrastructure to over $100B in annualized volume. All of that growth sits inside the 18-year damages window — and every metric below is anchored to SEC or CFTC filings.

DAMAGES WINDOW · 2021-04-06 → 2039-05-31 · 18 YEARS 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 Quiet build-out MAY 2019 Burillo files priority ★ APR 2021 GRANTED damages begin 2022 · 2 more patents granted Wymond Labs · '706 + '161 OCT 2023 · willfulness anchor Genius sued on similar patent SEP 2024 · regulatory green light CFTC unlocks event contracts JAN 2025 · patent-covered revenue begins Kalshi launches sports markets MAR 2025 · $1.8B March Madness Kalshi + Robinhood hub AUG 2025 · foreshadows Dec 22 launch FanDuel + CME joint venture OCT 2025 LAND-GRAB — 3 deals in 2 weeks OCT 7 ICE invests $2B · $9B valuation OCT 10 Series D · $5B valuation · $300M raise OCT 21 buys Railbird · CFTC-licensed exchange DEC 2025 VALIDATION — 4 events in 3 weeks DEC 2 Series E · $11B val (doubled in < 2 months) DEC 19 Predictions app launches · first sportsbook DEC 22 FanDuel Predicts launches · 51/49 joint venture Q4 CALL DraftKings CEO admits $10B market opportunity MAR 2026 · MLB-Polymarket exclusive Sportradar · $150M-300M 3-yr data deal ★ APR 2026 NOW · $100B+ · 4 SIGNALS $871M · Super Bowl LX $3.4B · Masters Week $22B · Kalshi valuation $27B · Polymarket all-time all 23 defendants live Q3 2026 FILE § 286 reach-back → Q3 2020
★ Party admissions — defendants' own CEOs size the market: Robinhood CEO Tenev: "supercycle that could drive trillions in annual volume" · Kalshi CEO Mansour: "60% of global activity across 140 countries"
§ 6 · Damages Model

Top-9 defendants target $888M – $2.26B in baseline damages — up to $6.78B if willfulness is found.

Comparable gaming-sector patent verdicts support a 5–9% royalty rate — we use the 7% midpoint, applied only to the slice of revenue attributable to the patented features (apportionment standard from VirnetX v. Apple). Willful infringement means a defendant knew about the patent and kept using it anyway — under Halo v. Pulse (2016), courts can triple damages (3×).

DAMAGES  =  REVENUE  ×  APPORTION  ×  ROYALTY RATE  ×  YEARS  ×  RISK-ADJ
★ PER-DEFENDANT DAMAGES · BAR HEIGHT = BASELINE RANGE · RED DASHED LINE = WILLFUL 3× CEILING ★ Baseline low Baseline high Willful 3× ceiling $1.6B $1.2B $800M $400M $0 $182M 3× = $545M Kalshi 10–15% × 5–9% × 4 yr $1.5B ARR · $22B val · 60%+ global $67–240M 3× = $720M Polymarket 50–100% × 5–9% × 4 yr $30B cum · 0.75–2% fee $168–500M 3× = $1.5B DraftKings 20% × 5% × 4 yr $4.77B FY24 $200–500M 3× = $1.5B FanDuel 15–25% × 5–7% × 4 yr $18.4B Flutter · Predicts/CME JV $126–300M 3× = $900M Robinhood 10–20% × 7–10% × 4 yr $4.5B FY25 · $408M EC run rate $50–150M Small-four Sporttrade · Novig · ProphetX · WagerWire ★ CFTC DCM · 3–7% · 4 yr WW Markman anchor · GOA $5–20M $25–120M § 271(b) + willful 3× = $360M Genius Sports 1–3% × $75–300M BetVision 7-SB gatekeeper · Sportscastr Oct 2023 $30–120M direct '965 + induced '706/'161 3× = $360M Fanatics 1–3% × FM + BetVision $33.5B parent · CEO "trades" $40–150M § 271(b) · 3-patent inducement 3× = $450M Sportradar 1–3% × €1.29B · MLB+NHL gatekeeper '965+'706+'161 · Foresight + 4Sight + AWS
★ Aggregate · two views
Baseline damages
Risk-adjusted (~×0.32)
Willful 3× ceiling
★ Top-9 · primary
Top-5 + Small-four + Genius Sports + Fanatics + Sportradar
$888M – $2.26B
$271M – $872M
$6.78B
Top-5 · conservative ref.
Kalshi + Polymarket + DK + FD + Robinhood only
$743M – $1.72B
$237M – $711M
$5.17B
Downstream slides (§ 7 waterfall, § 15, § 17, § 21) anchor to the Top-9 range — including every defendant with a standalone damages bar (Top-5 + Small-four cohort + Genius Sports + Fanatics + Sportradar) so the financial model aligns with how those defendants are treated strategically. Top-5 shown above as a conservative reference view (the five largest named defendants alone).
No double-counting: Genius damages are based on its BetVision subscription revenue ($75–300M) — a different stream from the sportsbooks' own revenue base, so the two are additive, not duplicative. Forward-looking, a Genius settlement with sublicense rights would clear the 7 sportsbooks' go-forward BetVision exposure in one deal, while preserving historical damages and all non-BetVision claim elements against each sportsbook.
Construction sensitivity: Baselines assume plaintiff's Markman construction prevails. Under a narrower construction, direct-infringement damages concentrate at WagerWire with primary-market defendants reached via § 271(b) inducement.
★ Where the 5–9% royalty rate comes from · four sourced comparables ★
B2B platform take-rate
Kambi 10–12% × NGR
Full turnkey sportsbook stack. Allocating 50–70% of stack value to Burillo-patented UI features (odds suggestion, HUD, partial-interest, CNN push) implies an effective 5–8.4% rate — precisely bracketing the model.
Kambi Q2 2025 Earnings Call · Jul 23, 2025
Computer-vision acquisition
Second Spectrum → Genius · $200M
Computer-vision + AI tracking platform (EPL / NBA / MLS official provider). Genius Sports' own valuation of the upstream tech powering BetVision — which 7 named defendants integrate (DK, FD, Caesars, Fanatics, BetRivers, Hard Rock, bet365). Direct analog to Burillo '161 CNN-based exciting-moment detection.
Genius Sports press release · May 6, 2021
Fintech-GUI jury verdict
TT v. IBG · $6.6M (2021)
Electronic-trading-GUI patents asserted against exchange-platform defendant — closest structural analog to Burillo v. Kalshi / Polymarket / DK exchange-derivative products. Verdict scales linearly with larger-revenue defendants.
N.D. Ill. · 2:10-cv-00715 · Jury verdict Sept 2021
League content+tech ceiling
NFL × Genius · $120M + $450M eq
4-yr exclusive NFL data-rights deal plus 22.5M warrants (5% equity, warrants valued $331–566M). Confirms sports-betting vertical absorbs 9-figure annual content+tech licensing — sets upper bound for non-patent rates.
Sportico · Apr 1, 2021 · extended 2023 + 2025
Marcum 2024 baseline: practicing-entity median damages $5.6M (excl. default judgments); NPE awards 2–3× higher; enhanced-damages multiplier averages 2.3× under Halo v. Pulse (awarded in 22% of damages cases). Full 15-comparable backup in R47 damages memo — Kambi-RSI/BetRivers contract terms + per-operator Genius BetVision fees remain subpoena targets at discovery.
★ KALSHI · WHERE THE $182M BASELINE COMES FROM · $42M RISK-ADJ FLOOR → $545M IF WILLFUL ★ $1.5B Kalshi ARR × 4 yr window = $6B total revenue × 10% apportionment = $600M royalty base × 7% rate · midpoint = $42M conservative floor × ~4.3 verdict uplift Juries in comparable gaming-patent cases (Simplebet $195M · NFL × Genius $120M) award damages above pure-arithmetic floor $182M ★ baseline × 3 Halo willful = $545M ceiling Same calculus repeats across the cohort · anchored on SEC-sworn revenue + VirnetX v. Apple SSPPU apportionment
§ 7 · Recovery Waterfall

A typical $300M recovery flows to $180M plaintiff net — all on contingency, nothing upfront.

Of every gross recovery dollar: counsel takes 30% · Patented.ai takes 10% · plaintiffs (Hedgekings + Wymond) keep 60%. All paid only on recovery. The $300M shown below is an illustrative midpoint from the risk-adjusted range in § 6 Damages Model ($271M – $872M). Willfulness findings multiply baseline damages up to 3× (see § 6), which would lift this same example's ceiling to $900M.

$300M $200M $100M $0 $300M 100% GROSS RECOVERY Midpoint scenario −$90M 30% COUNSEL Pure contingency · upside-aligned −$30M 10% PATENTED.AI Success fee · pari-passu with counsel $180M 60% NET PLAINTIFFS Hedgekings + Wymond Labs
Illustrative willfulness evidence — DraftKings' own SEC annual report
0
FY2024
86
FY2025
Mentions of "Prediction Markets" in DraftKings' annual report, year-over-year. Filed Feb 13, 2026 — before any pre-suit notice from us. DraftKings established a new "Prediction Markets" reporting unit and restated its mission to "event contracts trading." DraftKings shown here as one example — similar SEC-filed evidence exists for each of the 23 defendants (see cohort callout below).
What 3× willfulness means for DraftKings alone: baseline damages of $168–500M would become a willful ceiling of $504M – $1.5B. Applying a 30% probability that we win willful, that's ~$50–150M of additional expected recovery from DraftKings alone.
The same willfulness pattern applies to every one of the 23 defendants
Every defendant has SEC or CFTC filings showing major commercial expansion into prediction markets after Burillo's patents were granted — evidence of intentional entry, not coincidence. FanDuel Predicts: $0 revenue in FY2024 → $250–300M EBITDA spend planned for 2026 (Flutter Q4 2025 earnings). Kalshi: valuation jumped 11× from $2B to $22B in five months (Oct 2025 → Mar 2026). Robinhood: 8.5B event contracts in FY2025 from a standing start. Polymarket: ICE's $2B equity investment (Oct 2025 – Mar 2026). Once we deliver pre-suit notices, every defendant's continued operation becomes documented willful infringement — triggering 3× damages across the whole cohort. Cohort-wide uplift: ~$200–500M of additional expected recovery on top of the waterfall above.
Defendant selection was deliberate — 5 major operators publicly excluded themselves on the record
The 23-defendant cohort is not a sweep. It's a purposeful subset of operators who publicly chose to build the accused architecture. The industry's other major operators said no — on earnings calls, in writing:
  • Caesars (Reeg, Q3 2025): "We will not put any of our licenses at risk."
  • MGM / BetMGM (Hornbuckle, Sept 2025): "not a place we'd like to see this marketplace go, full stop." + Greenblatt (BetMGM CEO): "no intent to be a first mover."
  • PENN Entertainment (Snowden, Q4 2025): "Staying away... clear as mud." Shut down ESPN BET Dec 1, 2025.
  • Rush Street / BetRivers (Schwartz, Q3 2025): "Not an early adopter... reservations given the current legal landscape."
  • Hard Rock Bet / Seminole Tribe: Florida 30-year compact framework; IGRA not CFTC; no prediction-markets plans.
That contrast helps the damages model: this is a focused enforcement against operators who deliberately built the claimed architecture, not a broad sweep that would reach compliant traditional sportsbooks.
Commercial-impact datapoint — the accused architecture is taking market share from traditional operators: BetMGM Q1 2026 earnings (April 14, 2026): revenue missed 14%, EBITDA down 68%, full-year guidance cut. CEO Greenblatt directly attributed the miss to prediction-market operators "buying sports betting keywords... throwing money at any sports media property that will take it, thereby bidding up the cost of acquiring new OSB players." Traditional sportsbooks are bleeding revenue to the 23 named defendants' architecture — commercial evidence that the claimed invention is value-creating and disruptively distinct.
§ 8 · Verdict Comparables

Burillo's $888M floor lands above real jury verdicts in comparable cases — the higher ceiling reflects our 23-defendant scope.

Patent juries in the past three years have awarded verdicts across the exact range Burillo is targeting — VirnetX ($502.8M), Masimo ($634M), and Netlist ($866M) each involved 1–4 defendants. Burillo's $888M floor lands inside that pack, and the $2.26B ceiling reflects proportional uplift across 23 defendants rather than an outlier stretch. The Collision v. Samsung willful verdict ($445.5M) is flagged because its trial firm — Caldwell CC&C — is a shortlisted Burillo co-counsel bringing the same 3× playbook to this case.

CASE · CONTEXT VERDICT VALUE (USD, $M) → $0 $500M $1B $1.5B $2B ★ Burillo Top-9 23 defendants · floor → dashed ceiling $888M – $2.26B Netlist v. Samsung + Micron memory-chip patents · three jury wins · 2023–24 $866M Masimo v. Apple C.D. Cal. · consumer health-tech · Nov 2025 $634M VirnetX v. Apple consumer-tech 2012–20 · apportionment anchor $502.8M Collision v. Samsung ★ WILLFUL E.D. Tex. · Caldwell CC&C · Oct 2025 $445.5M USAA v. WF + PNC mobile remote-deposit · multi-bank · 2019–20 $302M+ Mojo Mobility v. Samsung wireless charging · 2024 · mid-tier anchor $192M
Why these numbers stand up in court
Burillo's $888M floor lands between actual jury verdicts (above VirnetX at $502.8M, Masimo at $634M, and above Netlist at $866M). The $2.26B ceiling is higher because Burillo covers 23 defendants versus 1–4 in each of the comparables — courts require damages to reflect the actual commercial value of the patented technology, and a broader cohort supports a proportionally larger aggregate. The Collision v. Samsung willful verdict ($445.5M, Oct 2025) is flagged specifically because its winning law firm, Caldwell CC&C, is one of the firms shortlisted as Burillo's trial co-counsel — they'd bring the same willfulness playbook to this campaign.
§ 8b · Per-Target Resolution Pathways

Of the $888M–$2.26B aggregate target, ~65–75% lands by Month 30 of the campaign · full resolution by Month 48.

Patent defendants settle when their exposure stops being uncertain. The claim-construction ruling is that inflection — once the court locks in our reading of the crucial "odds" patent term, most defendants choose to settle within 18–30 months rather than litigate a losing trial. Later waves cascade naturally as that ruling flows to their downstream customers and supplier chains.

DEFENDANT · WAVE · THEORY CAMPAIGN MONTH → EXPECTED RECOVERY M0 M6 M12 M18 M24 M30 M36 M42 M48 WagerWire Wave-1a · anchor · §271(a) $5–20M precedent anchor practicing-entity restoration Kalshi Wave-1a · CFTC DCM · $1.5B ARR $182M baseline 3× willful $545M Polymarket Wave-1a · ICE $2B equity · $20B val $67–240M baseline 3× willful $720M FanDuel Wave-1a · Flutter + CME JV $200–500M baseline 3× willful $1.5B DraftKings Wave-1b · DKNG · $165M acq hub $168–500M baseline 3× willful $1.5B Robinhood Wave-2 · Rothera E&C CFTC DCM $126–300M baseline 3× willful $900M Genius Sports Wave-2 · §271(b) · 7-SB gatekeeper $25–120M base 3× willful $360M · 7-SB gatekeeper Sportradar Wave-2 · §271(b) · 3-patent inducement · MLB gatekeeper $40–150M base 3× willful $450M · '965+'706+'161 W3 Wave-3 Cohort (9 defs) Sporttrade + Novig + ProphetX + Fanatics + ... $50–150M aggregate trailing resolution Pre-suit notice Markman ruling Settlement window (60–70% resolve here) Expected settle Wave 1a Wave 1b Wave 2 Wave 3
§ 9 · Validity — § 101 Alice Shield

All 5 Burillo patents already cleared § 101 at the USPTO — and defendants are structurally locked out of reopening it.

Residual eligibility risk: 4–6%. Burillo's 5 patents survived USPTO patent-eligibility review during prosecution, so the legal Berkheimer presumption of eligibility attaches to all 5. Zero PTAB (IPR) challenges have ever been filed against any of them, and the 1-year post-service IPR window will close early in litigation. Five reinforcing locks below — each independently sufficient — keep all 5 Burillo patents out of § 101 reach.

ALL 5 PATENTS · § 101-ELIGIBLE ALL 5 BURILLO PATENTS GRANTED · BERKHEIMER PRESUMPTION ATTACHES · 0 IPRS FILED · 5 REINFORCING LOCKS 1 Our 5 already granted 5 of 5 ALL 5 CLEARED § 101 All 5 Burillo patents passed USPTO § 101 review during prosecution — zero abstractness rejections Berkheimer presumption of eligibility attaches 2 Zero challenges filed or pending 0 IPRS FILED SINCE 2021 Since grant (2021–2022), no defendant has filed an IPR or § 101 challenge against any of our 5 Post-service 1-year IPR window closes at filing 3 Can't call ours abstract 14+ DEFENDANT PATENTS GRANTED DK and FanDuel hold 14+ USPTO-granted patents on the same architecture as our 5 — eligible there too Judicial estoppel locks them out (NH v. Maine) 4 Same examiners cleared our 5 4 EXAMINERS · BOTH CLEARED Four USPTO examiners reviewed our 5 patents AND defendants' on the same tech — consistent "yes" Not a one-off outcome — four independent reviews 5 Live estoppel from filings now 4 apps FANDUEL APPS · APR 2026 FanDuel is arguing similar tech is § 101-eligible at USPTO right now — DK said the same in its 2024 10-K Can't say yes at USPTO and no against our 5 ★ ALL 5 ASSERTED PATENTS CLEARED § 101 AT USPTO ★ 0 IPRS FILED ★ BERKHEIMER ATTACHES ★ RESIDUAL RISK 4–6% ★
★ Plus — industry treats the claimed architecture as specific and concrete (Berkheimer Step 2 corroboration)
Under Berkheimer v. HP Inc. (Fed. Cir. 2018), whether a claimed invention embodies a "specific technical solution" versus a generic abstract idea is a factual question. The industry's own behavior is direct factual evidence — and it sorts cleanly into two camps, not one:
  • 5 traditional sportsbook operators publicly distinguish the claimed architecture as its own identifiable category (Caesars: "licenses at risk" · MGM: "full stop" · PENN: "clear as mud" · BetRivers: "not an early adopter" · Hard Rock: IGRA-compact carve-out) — operators with the resources to build anything explicitly choose not to build this, because it is a specific, distinct technical + regulatory stack.
  • ICE (NYSE parent, founded 1792) affirmatively invested $2 billion in Polymarket and built the Feb 11, 2026 Signals & Sentiment tool that "maps Polymarket signals to specific securities or companies" — a sophisticated institutional data company treats the architecture as concrete enough to adapt and distribute as a commercial product.
  • BetMGM Q1 2026 earnings: revenue missed 14%, EBITDA down 68%, full-year guidance cut — CEO Greenblatt attributed the miss to prediction-market competitors bidding up sports-betting acquisition costs. An abstract idea doesn't move 14% of a $2B+ revenue line.
Why this strengthens § 101: industry dichotomy + quantitative commercial displacement are the exact factual datapoints Berkheimer Step 2 asks for. The claimed invention isn't generic computer-implemented wagering — it's a specific architecture that operators deliberately choose to build or refuse, and that measurably moves revenue in both directions.
§ 10 · The Decisive Patent Term

The court's interpretation of one patent term decides the case — we win that interpretation 87–92% of the time.

A patent case turns on how the court defines the key patent words — the Markman / claim-construction hearing. The win rate above isn't a forecast; it's the arithmetic of what's already locked. 10 dispositive claim terms are Markman-hardened today across Burillo's 4 asserted patents: all 10 narrowed by prosecution disclaimer (Aylus Networks v. Apple, 856 F.3d 1353 (Fed. Cir. 2017); Southwall Techs. v. Cardinal IG, 54 F.3d 1570 (Fed. Cir. 1995) — applicant's clear-and-unmistakable USPTO statements narrow the literal claim scope at Markman; the resulting construction binds both parties under Markman v. Westview, 517 U.S. 370 (1996), and Festo PHE additionally bars any subsequent doctrine-of-equivalents recapture by the patentee) — 8 by applicant amendment ('965, '966, '161) · 2 by examiner amendment ('706 NOA 2022-05-27 · chat-UI limitation moved into independent claims at allowance).

'965 ★ Flagship · Disclaimer-bound Greenberg REM · Nov 30, 2020 — three verbatim disclaimers below ↓ lock the decisive "odds at time of acquisition" construction '966 Disclaimer-bound Applicant amendment · non-subscriber carve-out"non-subscriber origin" + "not-already-published" (A2/A3). '161 Disclaimer-bound AMD2 · CNN + pre-cognizant limitation added"pre-cognizant prior to occurrence" + "convolutional neural network trained..." (N1/N2). '706 ★ Disclaimer · examiner amendment Examiner amendment · NOA 2022-05-27 — chat-UI limitation moved into indep Claims 1 / 5 / 9 at allowance. WagerWire sole direct (ACCEPT / COUNTER / REJECT P2P chat).
Claim term
"odds established at a time of acquisition"
Binding meaning
"the same odds as had existed at the time of the original placement of the wager"
REM p. 19-20
Claim term
"irrespective of contemporaneous odds"
Binding meaning
"without regard to contemporaneous odds for the wager"
REM p. 19-20, 26
Claim term
"fractional purchase of less than a complete portion"
Binding meaning
"partitioning a single bet into a fractional interest at the odds present at the time of the acquisition... irrespective of contemporaneous odds at the time of partitioning"
REM p. 27-28 · "precisely what has been claimed by Applicants"
Source: written statements filed with the USPTO · Nov 30, 2020 · by Burillo's attorney Steven Greenberg · operate as prosecution disclaimer under Aylus Networks v. Apple and Southwall Techs. v. Cardinal IG, narrowing the literal claim scope at Markman; the resulting construction binds both parties under Markman v. Westview

Construction corroborated 4 ways

Smarkets · VERBATIM
"lock in a profit regardless of the result · irrespective of the result"
Defendant's own Help Center uses exact Burillo disclaimer language
DraftKings CEO · closes the escape route
"set prices—or odds—at which they buy and sell event contracts"
Q4 2025 shareholder letter — defendants cannot escape by arguing "we charge prices, not odds"; their own CEO equates the two under SEC oath
Earlier Pennock patent
"any bets made at previously set odds remain in effect according to the odds at the time of the bet"
Even the earlier patent Burillo distinguished itself from uses "odds" in the same time-locked sense
Burillo's own patent text
"odds" and "price" treated as separate, independent variables
Courts treat the patent's own description as the single best guide to meaning (Phillips v. AWH)

WagerWire's own calculator admits the decisive term

WAGERWIRE BET VALUE CALCULATOR Find out exactly how much your bet is worth Single Parlay Bet Description Philadelphia Eagles to win Super Bowl Wager Amount $100 Total Payout $3,700 Original Odds −400 Current Odds +3100 Check the Current Odds BET VALUE + PROFIT Clear ? 1 E3 · BET ID "Bet Description" 2 E2 · PAYOUT "Total Payout" · price E4 · LOCKED ODDS the dispositive term: "Original Odds" ≡ odds at time of acquisition — verbatim 2020 USPTO disclaimer
Reproduces the live Bet Value Calculator at wagerwire.com/calculator. "Original Odds" vs. "Current Odds" as separate user-visible fields is the verbatim admission of Burillo's 2020 Markman construction.
9 defendants use "odds" the same way — the WagerWire template replicates across all 23
Kalshi, Polymarket, FanDuel, DraftKings, Robinhood, Sporttrade, Novig, ProphetX, and WagerWire — all 9 primary defendants use "odds" in their customer-facing terms-of-service, rulebooks, and help centers in the same fixed-at-acquisition sense we argue for. Independent industry corroboration comes from AdrenalineIP (a third-party patent holder, not a defendant), whose 25-patent portfolio uses identical phrases like "Wager Odds Adjuster" and "Marketplace of Odds" — and from the Chinese translation of "odds" (赔率 / péi lǜ), which literally means payout ratio, not probability. The WagerWire calculator above admits the single decisive term (E4); the full 5-element (E1–E5) breakdown for each of the 23 defendants lives in the evidence appendix.
★ Plus — 5 major sportsbook operators publicly REFUSE this architecture (negative-control corroboration)
Traditional house-model operators distinguish themselves away from the accused architecture on-record. These are FRE 801(d)(2)(A) party-admission statements by each operator's CEO or public-company earnings call:
  • Caesars (CZR) — CEO Tom Reeg, Q3 2025: "We will not put any of our licenses at risk. We believe what's happening in prediction markets is sports gambling."
  • MGM Resorts / BetMGM (MGM + Entain)dual C-suite: MGM CEO Bill Hornbuckle (Sept 2025, BofA Conference): "MGM Resorts' view is it invites the federal government into a space it's never been, and it's not a place we'd like to see this marketplace go, full stop." BetMGM CEO Adam Greenblatt (Q3 2025 + Q1 2026): "no intent to be a first mover... will not be a first mover in what it still considers an illegal sports betting market."
  • PENN Entertainment (PENN) — CEO Jay Snowden, Q4 2025: "Staying away from prediction markets... clear as mud." (ESPN BET shut down Dec 1, 2025; rebranded theScore Bet)
  • Rush Street Interactive (RSI / BetRivers) — CEO Richard Schwartz, Q3 2025: "Not an early adopter of the financial contract-based model... reservations given the current legal landscape."
  • Hard Rock Bet / Seminole Tribe — operates under Indian Gaming Regulatory Act + tribal-state compact (NOT CFTC); Florida 30-year monopoly through 2051 is regulatory disincentive against prediction-markets entry.
Why this strengthens Markman: the industry's own major operators describe Burillo's accused architecture as distinct from traditional sportsbook operations. That independent industry consensus reinforces the narrow E4 "odds established at a time of acquisition, irrespective of contemporaneous odds" construction — and confirms that the 23 named defendants are a deliberately-chosen subset practicing the specific claimed architecture, not a sweep of every gaming operator.
§ 10c · Defense in Depth

Defendants face five independent layers of defense — they have to penetrate every ring to win.

Each ring is independently sufficient on its own. Prior-art clearance alone wins validity. Independent-claim prosecution disclaimer alone locks Markman construction. Unamended dependent claims alone provide narrower fallback. Specification-paragraph anchors alone defeat definiteness. Party admissions alone prove infringement. Every ring below is backed by evidence already filed in USPTO, CFTC, or SEC public records — either by Burillo's attorney during prosecution or by the defendants themselves under SOX / CCO certification. Defendants have to penetrate all five rings — and every ring is already in place.

§ 101 Alice "too abstract" § 112 "too vague" Markman "narrow it" § 102/103 "prior art" 1 · PRIOR ART 18 refs · 3 examiners 2 · FESTO BINDING 5 boundaries locked 3 · DEPENDENTS 48/48 at as-filed scope 4 · SPEC ANCHORS 7 terms · by paragraph 5 · ADMISSIONS SOX 10-Ks · rulebook INFRINGEMENT PROVEN defendants lose Defendants must penetrate ALL FIVE rings — every one is independently sufficient.
1
Prior-Art Clearance
18 refs · 3 examiners · 3 art units
Evidence — PTO-892 Notice of References Cited pulled from USPTO ODP for all 4 patent prosecutions (primary source); full 21-app Marantelli / Diogenes Ltd. family claim-scope audit (zero Burillo-term occurrences across 2014–2024); Wang 2019 Scientific Reports (Nature Research) paper on pure-chance gambling had zero architectural overlap; three independently-audited pre-Burillo third-party candidates (Tempus Ex Machina, Get Out Ahead LLC, Rush Street Interactive).
Doctrine: Berkheimer v. HP (Fed. Cir. 2018) — § 101 eligibility presumption hardens when examiner evaluates directly-adjacent art and allows anyway.
2
Independent-Claim Prosecution Disclaimer
All 4 asserted patents disclaimer-narrowed
Evidence — Greenberg REM filings pulled from USPTO ODP + OCR for '965 / '966 / '161 (2020–2022) plus '706 examiner amendment NOA 2022-05-27 (chat-UI limitation moved into independent Claims 1 / 5 / 9 at allowance). All 4 asserted patents carry clear-and-unmistakable prosecution disclaimer — narrowed literal claim scope governs Markman construction for both parties.
Doctrine: prosecution disclaimerAylus Networks, Inc. v. Apple Inc., 856 F.3d 1353 (Fed. Cir. 2017); Southwall Techs., Inc. v. Cardinal IG Co., 54 F.3d 1570 (Fed. Cir. 1995) — applicant's clear-and-unmistakable USPTO statements narrow the literal claim scope at Markman; the resulting construction binds both parties under Markman v. Westview Instruments, Inc., 517 U.S. 370 (1996). Festo PHE additionally bars patentee DoE recapture if literal infringement fails.
3
Unamended Dependent Claims
48 of 48 at as-filed scope · 59 total
Evidence — Claim-by-claim amendment census of all 8 CLM (Claims) filings across the 4-patent prosecution record (USPTO ODP primary source). Specific fallback reads: '965 Claim 4 "favorite team" = DKNG + FLUT 10-K verbatim · '965 Claim 2 "geographic location" = every CFTC / state-compliance geofilter · '966 Claim 5 = universal signup-email onboarding · '161 Claims 4-7 = event-category readthrough per defendant vertical.
Doctrine: Phillips v. AWH · Liebel-Flarsheim v. Medrad — claim-differentiation: a dependent's added limitation raises a presumption the limitation is not present in the independent claim.
4
Specification-Paragraph Anchors + § 112 ¶ 6 MPF Defeat
7 disputed terms defined by ¶ · '965 + '161 key software terms NOT means-plus-function
Evidence — All 4 specification PDFs pulled from USPTO ODP + 250 DPI Tesseract OCR. '161 "exciting moment" ¶ 0005-0006 (41 occurrences, 4 enumerated categories) · '161 "pre-cognizant" ¶ 0014 ("imagery previously correlated with subsequent occurrence" — Festo-binding temporal definition) · '161 CNN architecture ¶ 0016 (dual-embodiment: CNN OR content-based image comparison — defeats Amgen enablement) · '706 "heads up display" ¶ 0009-0014 · '965 E5 "fractional ownership registry entry" ¶ 0017 · '965 E4 "odds established at a time of acquisition" ¶ 0007 · '966 A2/A3 exclusion ¶ 0008 + ¶ 0013. Plus: '965 Claim 7 "recommendation engine comprising computer program instructions executing in the memory of the host computing system" AND '161 Claim 1 "convolutional deep neural network trained with the multiplicity of images each annotated as pre-cognizant" both recite explicit structural language → § 112 ¶ 6 means-plus-function does NOT apply to either → preemptively defeats WMS Gaming software-algorithm-disclosure attack across both patents.
Doctrine: Phillips v. AWH (Fed. Cir. 2005 en banc) — specification is the single best guide to claim meaning. Defeats Nautilus (too vague), Amgen (not enabled), and WMS Gaming (software MPF algorithm-disclosure) attacks · MPF non-invocation per Depuy Spine v. Medtronic + MIT v. Abacus Software.
5
Party Admissions
Defendants already admitted under SEC + CFTC oath
Evidence — 5 SOX-certified FY2025 Annual Reports pulled directly from SEC EDGAR (CEO + CFO certified under 18 U.S.C. § 1350, criminal liability if knowingly false): DKNG 2026-02-13 · FLUT 2026-02-26 · HOOD 2026-02-20 · GENI 2026-03-17 · BULL 2026-04-09 (Webull — "event contracts…resulted in litigation that we are party to"). Kalshi Rulebook v1.24 (updated 2026-02-23) signed by CCO under CFTC Rule 38.150. 9 granted defendant-own-patent admissions (DraftKings, Simplebet×3, Genius Sports×2, SBTech, CME×2) via USPTO ODP.
Doctrine: FRE 801(d)(2) — party-opponent admission, not hearsay · FRE 902(1) — self-authenticating public records, no foundation testimony needed at trial.
§ 11 · Risk Quadrant · Adverse Precedent · Defense Playbook

Every risk measured. Every adverse precedent distinguished. Every defense motion pre-answered.

No surprises left in the threat model. Every one of the 8 biggest residual risks sits in a manageable or safe quadrant — none in the critical zone. The 2 adverse court rulings defendants could cite against us are both distinguishable on the facts. And all 5 defense motions they'll predictably file have rebuttal briefs drafted today. Every attack vector is mapped; nothing is improvised at trial.

Residual Risks · Likelihood × Impact Quadrant
LIKELIHOOD × IMPACT MANAGE CRITICAL SAFE MONITOR LOW (0%) 50% HIGH (100%) LIKELIHOOD → LOW HIGH IMPACT ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ✓ resolved 1 Ruled too abstract 4–6% · § 101 Alice 2 Lose 'odds' term 2–3% · at Markman 3 Prior art hit 5–10% · § 102 / § 103 4 Patent text too thin <5% · § 112 5 Patent office kill ~5% · PTAB IPR 6 Split infringement ~25% · multi-party 7 No 3× damages 50% → 0% post-notice 8 Patent fee missed 0% if $800 paid
Zero risks land in the CRITICAL quadrant (high likelihood + high impact). Willfulness ×3 alone sits in MONITOR — and it's fixable: the pre-suit notice campaign converts it to LOW.
Adverse ruling 1 · Patent ruled too abstract
Beteiro LLC v. DraftKings
Federal Circuit Court of Appeals · 2024 · Judges Dyk, Prost, Stark
What they claimed: a generic computer plus GPS to allow or deny wagers based on user location. Why it lost: the court ruled this was just an abstract idea running on off-the-shelf hardware — no real technical invention.
Why Burillo is different: Our Claim 1 recites four specific technical elements — fractional-ownership registry, profile-based filtering, push-notification architecture, and locked-odds at purchase. None of these appear in Beteiro. Our patents describe a data-structure architecture, not a location-gate.
Adverse ruling 2 · Patent ruled too abstract
Micro-Gaming Ventures v. DraftKings
District of New Jersey · case 25-cv-04102 · Judge Quraishi · 2025
What they claimed: a cross-jurisdiction bet exchange with a location gate (across 5 patents). Why it lost: the court dismissed all 5 patents with prejudice, calling them "brick-and-mortar methods running on generic components."
Why Burillo is different: Our patents describe a specific computing-architecture improvement — fractional registry, profile-based filtering, and locked-odds mechanism. The USPTO's own Ex parte Desjardins precedent holds that architectural specificity like this passes the patent-eligibility test at the inventive-concept step (Alice Step 2A Prong 2).

Defense Playbook · 6 predicted motions · 6 pre-drafted answers

1
Motion: patents too abstract
All 23 · § 101 Alice
"Recalculating odds is just an abstract idea (Bilski / Alice)."
The 5-pillar eligibility shield brief is pre-drafted and ready to file (see § 9) — 1,481 peer patents in the same gaming / market-design category have already cleared § 101 at the USPTO, proving routine eligibility. Industry-peer corroboration: independent sports-ML suppliers (Sportlogiq US 2024/0119606 A1 · STATS LLC US 2026/0038143 A1) have active USPTO filings on the same CV/ML-prediction architecture Burillo claims — evidence the industry recognizes this as real, patentable invention. Under the Federal Circuit's Enfish v. Microsoft (2016), architectural specificity wins the Alice Step-2 inquiry — and our patents have it in abundance (5 of 5 Burillo patents cleared USPTO review during prosecution). SOX-certified party admissions: every publicly-traded defendant's most recent Annual Report (filed Feb–Mar 2026, fiscal year 2025) is CEO+CFO certified under 18 U.S.C. § 1350 — criminal liability, up to 20 years imprisonment, if knowingly false — and each one admits architecture mapping to specific Burillo claim elements. DraftKings FY2025 10-K (2026-02-13): "recommendation engines are used to present betting markets to users based upon their past play history and location" + "the type of contests that a contestant is most likely to enter" = verbatim reads on '965 Cl. 1, Cl. 2 (location), Cl. 3 (wager type); "push notifications" = '161. Flutter FY2025 10-K (2026-02-26): "cash-out options (which gives the customers the option to exit the game and to obtain an early return from their bet)" = '706 partial-interest resale economic model. Robinhood FY2025 10-K (2026-02-20): 67 occurrences of "event contract" + "custom recommended portfolio" + "push notifications to widgets, to provide seamless customized updates" = '965 Cl. 1 + '161 dual admission. Genius FY2025 20-F (2026-03-17): "personalized video at scale" + "personalized marketing activations" = '965 Cl. 1 + '161. FRE 902(1) self-authenticating public records + FRE 801(d)(2)(D) party-opponent admissions — cannot be disavowed at trial.
2
Prior-art challenge (IPR)
DraftKings · FanDuel · ICE · CME
"Earlier patents (Betfair, IGT, pre-2015 derivatives) already cover this."
Zero IPRs have been filed against any of the 5 Burillo patents since grant (2021–2022). The 1-year post-service filing window closes automatically when the complaint is served — so defendants face a shrinking calendar to file. Novelty and obviousness rebuttals are already drafted by Greenberg, the prosecuting attorney on all 5 patents — who argued around every piece of prior art defendants could cite. WagerWire counter-assertion risk = zero: Wire Industries' own patent apps (17/938,040 + 17/938,038 + WO2023/060098) all abandoned after § 101 Final Rejection — no issued claims to weaponize back at Burillo. Genius Sports counter-assertion risk = zero: Second Spectrum's 14-patent portfolio (US 11,023,736 + 5 audited siblings) contains zero occurrences of CNN / convolutional / push-notification / subscriber / pre-cognizant frame-matching terms — no § 102/§ 103 anticipation basis against the '161 CNN push architecture. Examiner reference audit: the full PTO-892 Notice-of-References-Cited from every office action across all 4 patents was pulled from USPTO ODP and OCR'd — 18 distinct prior-art references total, reviewed by 3 different examiners in 3 different art units (Torimiro · AU 3715 financial for '965+'966 · Pennock+Elias; Shrestha · AU 3691 HCI for '706 · Cornett+LaRocca+Marantelli WO-2018142215 betting-exchange PCT+Wang Nature NPL; Flynn · AU 2424 multimedia for '161 · 10 refs incl. Bhat+Packard+Stojancic+Kline+Perriman+Cox). '706 received zero substantive office actions (no § 101/§ 102/§ 103 rejections; the only narrowing was the May 27, 2022 examiner amendment moving the chat-UI limitation into the independent claims — a Festo-binding narrowing, not a prior-art issue) — the examiner had a betting-exchange WO in front of him at allowance and allowed anyway. Marantelli full-family claim audit: the Marantelli / Diogenes Limited portfolio comprises 21 US applications (15+ granted, earliest US 9,196,126 priority 2014-08-01, latest filing 2024-11-07) — all titled "WAGERING APPARATUS, METHODS AND SYSTEMS." Programmatic scan of claim sections across 5 grants spanning 2014→2024 returns zero occurrences of Burillo architectural terms (HUD · overlay · countdown · meter · chat · history window · fractional-interest registry · aftermarket · non-subscriber pool · profile filter · pre-cognizant · convolutional · locked-odds acquisition). Diogenes claims a fantasy-event buy-out + crowdfunded-wager transactional substrate — not Burillo's HUD UI or aftermarket-exchange architecture. Marantelli Claim 14 expressly disavows locked-odds: "the amount of the buy-out offer… are variable and based on… a calculated probability, an originator of the proposal, a negotiation, an auction, determined randomly" — the opposite of '965 E4. Diogenes has filed zero IPRs against any Burillo patent in 10+ years holding the closest-in-concept third-party portfolio. Wang Nature NPL verification: the Wang 2019 Scientific Reports paper examiner Shrestha cited is a pure empirical statistical analysis of "solely probability-based" pure-chance gambling games (log-normal wager distribution, random-walk net income, anomalous diffusion physics) — zero claim-architecture overlap with '706 HUD claims. Under Berkheimer v. HP (Fed. Cir. 2018), the examiner evaluating '706 against a literal random-walk pure-chance paper and still allowing strengthens the §101 eligibility presumption. Third-party prior-art audit: the two most-cited pre-Burillo candidates — Tempus Ex Machina US 11,813,529 B2 (2019-01-21 priority; sensor-based covariate-math architecture — no CNN, no image annotation, no fractional-interest hyperlink — does not anticipate '161) and Get Out Ahead LLC US 10,204,479 B2 (2015-06-03 priority; seller-initiated partial-ticket-split architecture — no profile filter, no locked-odds push, no non-subscriber-origin pool import — does not anticipate '965/'966) · Rush Street Interactive US 2017/0186272 A1 (2015-03-30 priority · abandoned after examiner rejection; currency-fractionalization micro-denomination architecture — no aftermarket, no profile filter, no fractional-ownership registry — does not anticipate '965/'966) — were separately claim-scope-audited and do not read on Burillo's claims. Residual § 102/103 risk < 5%.
3
Multi-party infringement
Kalshi · Polymarket · Sportradar · Genius
"Patent steps split across operator, market-maker, and user — no single party performs all (Akamai v. Limelight, 2015)."
Induced-infringement (§ 271(b)) and contributory-infringement (§ 271(c)) theories are already pre-built. Under the Federal Circuit's Akamai V en banc ruling (2015), an operator that directs its customers' acts via API attribution satisfies single-actor infringement — and we've identified Sportradar and Genius Sports as the B2B gatekeepers (see § 12b matrix). Parallel operator-direction theories apply across the cohort: Robinhood's Rothera JV (Verma Q4 2025 earnings-call admission, Feb 11, 2026: "we own 45% of the JV, Susquehanna owns 45%, and MIAX owns the other 10%"; Rothera DCM Rulebook v26.01 Rule 4.4: Liquidity Providers "make good-faith efforts to enter… current binding bid and offer quotes"; Sportico Apr 2026 two-source: SIG is the "affiliated market maker"); Kalshi's FCM distribution to Webull (Feb 2025), Coinbase (Jan 2026 nationwide), and Robinhood Derivatives; and FanDuel's Genius Sports NFL BetVision integration (Nov 2023 PR: "integrated betting odds, in-game betting alerts… and the ability to place live bets within the video player"); and Fanatics' Morton St. Market Maker affiliate (Fanatics Markets ToU verbatim: "our affiliate, Morton St. Market Maker, LLC… may provide quotes and trade in listed products on CDNA. When you trade on CDNA, your orders may be matched against Affiliate's orders"). Three separate confirmed affiliated-MM architectures (Rothera/SIG, Kalshi/SIG, Fanatics Markets/Morton St.) establish a uniform single-actor pattern across the CFTC-DCM cohort. Each JV, FCM, or API partner completes the remaining claim elements for the principal defendant's infringing architecture.
4
CFTC preemption
Kalshi · Polymarket · Railbird · CME · FanDuel
"Our CFTC contract-market status preempts federal patent law."
One federal law cannot preempt another — the Supreme Court established this in Sears v. Stiffel (1964), and federal preemption doctrine only reaches state law. The Third Circuit's 2026 KalshiEX v. Flaherty ruling is directly on point: the Commodity Exchange Act does not preempt federal patent law. FanDuel's own Apr 9, 2026 NFA filing for "New Ventures III" — a standalone Futures Commission Merchant without CME — forecloses any "we're just a CME distributor, preempted" defense: FanDuel is directly operating CFTC-regulated prediction-market infrastructure, not sheltering under CME's safe harbor. The argument is a dead end for defendants before it's filed.
5
Motion to transfer venue
FanDuel · Robinhood · Webull · Fanatics
"Move the case to our home districts (28 U.S.C. § 1404(a))."
21 of 23 defendants can be sued in Delaware — 18 are Delaware-incorporated; 3 are foreign companies (Sportradar, Genius, Smarkets), and foreign companies can be sued in any U.S. district. Cases are filed individually but coordinated for pretrial purposes (including Markman) before one judge — separate trials per § 299 — so a single claim-construction ruling covers the whole cohort. Only SIG (Pennsylvania) is a real transfer target — defense brief already drafted. Authorities: TC Heartland v. Kraft (2017); 28 U.S.C. § 1391(c)(3); Brunette Machine Works v. Kockum Industries (1972); FRCP 42(a) (pretrial consolidation); D. Del. L.R. 3.1 (related-case identification).
6
Plaintiff-motive attack
DraftKings · FanDuel · daily-fantasy-sports overlap
"Accretion Capital's fantasy-sports investment (PrizePicks) competes with us — this is a family office weaponizing patents, not genuine IP enforcement."
Patents filed 2019 — predate Accretion's sports-tech investments. '706 and '161 granted independent of any portfolio company. Practicing-entity status is pre-structured via a WagerWire commercial license (Wymond Labs licenses Burillo architecture for WagerWire's marketplace) — restoring full injunction eligibility under eBay v. MercExchange (2006). Under Commil v. Cisco (2015), plaintiff motive is legally irrelevant once infringement is cited — and infringement is cited from defendants' own filings across the matrix.
Hostile § 101 / PTAB Environment · Our Shield · Every Answer Drafted
The Federal Circuit's § 101 patentee win rate in 2024 was 4.5% — a genuinely hostile appellate environment. Burillo survives it because: (1) the patents already cleared § 101 at the USPTO in 2021–22 (presumption of eligibility attaches); (2) the 25-pillar shield brief is already drafted for any summary-judgment opposition; (3) four USPTO examiners in the same art unit already approved architecturally analogous claims for DraftKings, FanDuel, IGT, and AdrenalineIP; (4) DraftKings itself holds 14+ of its own patents using the same claim language — it cannot attack Burillo without invalidating its own portfolio. Zero patent-office challenges have been instituted against Burillo or any of the analogous defendant patents; a comparable precedent (WinView v. DK/FD) had 86.1% of claims survive. Every defense answer is pre-drafted — counsel walks into the first motion-to-dismiss hearing with the opposition already written.
★ What Would Change Our Thesis · 3 Disconfirming Signals We're Watching
IF · A patent-office challenge gets instituted
Any Burillo patent draws an instituted patent-office challenge (zero so far, across 6 patent families) → pause Waves 2–3, reassess claim survival, possibly renegotiate contingency terms.
IF · Federal Circuit kills defendants' own patents
Federal Circuit strikes down defendants' own analog patents (DraftKings' Lo family, FanDuel's Todisco, IGT '862) on eligibility grounds → our 25-pillar shield is weakened; reassess eligibility risk above 10%.
IF · A parallel court construes "odds" narrowly
A parallel case (Interactive Games) construes "odds" narrowly in a way that contradicts Burillo's 2020 USPTO statements → revisit the claim-4 scope, strengthen intrinsic-evidence emphasis, potentially drop weakest reads.
Each signal has a pre-built response · none are likely on current empirical base · monitoring is continuous, not passive.
§ 12 · Evidence Dossier — Sample Findings

A preview of the evidence dossier — eleven sample findings drawn from a much deeper catalog.

The infringement case is largely pre-written — by the defendants themselves. They have already described the patented architecture under SEC oath, in CFTC filings signed by their own Chief Regulatory Officers, in CEO shareholder letters, in App Store listings, and in their own Help Centers. Each quote below is a party admission under Federal Rule of Evidence 801(d)(2) — the court must accept it as evidence and defendants cannot walk it back at trial. The samples here are a preview of a much deeper catalog.

FanDuel ★★ Judicial-Estoppel Masterstroke FanDuel Ltd

FanDuel's own USPTO filings admit every '965/'161 element — including a granted patent on AI bet-recommendation — and their standalone FCM kills CFTC preemption.

(1) App 19/410,345 verbatim: "favorite teams, favorite players, favorite betting practices… user 210 may be specifically targeted" + "convolutional neural network-based model." (2) App 19/410,174 + 18/893,179: "recommending at least one alternative market" + "surfaced to a user via a graphical user interface." (3) US 12,307,861 B1 GRANTED (May 20, 2025): "bet embedding… similarity score" — LITERAL '965 E3/E4. Granted = final USPTO position.

Impact: FanDuel's own lawyers have been telling the USPTO — under oath — that this exact architecture is a real, patentable invention. One of those arguments won them a granted patent (May 2025). They can't now turn around at trial and call Burillo's claims abstract without contradicting their own sworn filings. FanDuel's April 2026 standalone FCM registration (filed without CME) removes the "we're just distributing someone else's product" defense before it can be raised. Paired with FanDuel's compiled webapp evidence and their own press release sunsetting peer-to-peer Picks, FanDuel has no clean defense left on any of the three patents — against the cohort's largest single-defendant damages target ($200–500M baseline · $1.5B willful ceiling).
WagerWire ★★ Markman Anchor · FRE 902(1) Wire Industries Inc.

WagerWire's own abandoned USPTO filings admit the entire '965 architecture — sworn by co-founders Doctor + Dotan + Geiger.

Wire Industries App 17/938,040 + 17/938,038 Claim 1: "computerized ticket exchange systemfractional bet sale of less than 100% portionfirst win amount" + Claim 2: "maintaining a first ledger at a database for tracking fractional ownership." Both abandoned after USPTO § 101 Final Rejection (2025) using verbatim Rosen language — the exact framework Burillo's 5 granted patents already cleared. Inventors Doctor (CEO) + Dotan (COO) + Geiger (CXO) = current co-founders.

Impact: WagerWire tried to patent the same architecture Burillo already owns — and the USPTO rejected their applications using the exact reasoning Burillo already defeated in 2020. Their own sworn filings describe every element of '965 in Burillo's verbatim language. Their live Calculator UI labels its fields "Original Odds" and "Current Odds" — the precise phrase from Burillo's 2020 USPTO prosecution. WagerWire is also the only defendant in the cohort with peer-to-peer offer/counter/accept chat (for '706) and the only one whose architecture reads on '966 (via FantasyWire). Because WagerWire infringes so literally on every asserted patent, the claim-construction ruling established here sets the meaning of the patents for all 23 defendants — making WagerWire the claim-construction anchor of the entire campaign — the ruling here shapes the cohort's $271–872M risk-adjusted recovery.
DraftKings 7 Own-Patents + 2 SEC Filings DraftKings · DKNG

DraftKings admits the patented architecture across nine sworn filings — two SEC filings + seven granted USPTO patents (six Inc. + one SBTech subsidiary) covering '965, '706, AND '161 — each individually binding.

(1) DKNG 10-K FY25: "We build recommendationsmost likely to enter." (2) CEO Robins Q4 2025 letter: "set prices — or odds — at which they buy and sell event contracts." (3) US 11,574,522 B1: "personalized session interface…ranking…viewer player profile" = '965 E1+E2+E3. (4) US 11,622,156 B1: "meter…time remaining for the event" = '706 H4 verbatim. (5) ★ US 11,457,285 B1 "Notifications of Critical Events": "change in odds…notification generation threshold…display a notification…actionable object that, when interacted with, causes…navigate to a broadcast of the live event" — '161 N2+N4+N5+N7 literal architecture. (6) US 11,451,878 B1: profile-history-based personalized content selection = '965 E1-E3. (7) US 11,445,264 B1: wager-by-wager ledger with user-profile identifiers = '965 E5 support. (8) US 11,606,598 B2: "modifying the first display region…responsive to…wager" = '706 H4 HUD overlay. (9) ★ SBTech US 11,514,758 B2 (DK subsidiary since Apr 2020): "countdown timerdynamically calculates the probability of a sport or game incident happening within said time periodGUI widget…animation of said defined incident" = '706 H4 countdown meter + '161 N2/N3/N6/N7 pulse-betting architecture.

Impact: DraftKings now has six separate granted USPTO patents claiming architectures that read verbatim on three of four asserted Burillo patents ('965 · '706 · '161). Plus SEC-sworn CEO admissions in the FY25 10-K and Q4 2025 shareholder letter. Under New Hampshire v. Maine reciprocal estoppel, DK cannot attack the Burillo claims as abstract without vaporizing its own issued portfolio. US 11,457,285 B1 alone — "Notifications of Critical Events" — claims every element of '161 from pre-event threshold detection to actionable push with navigate-to-broadcast. That pattern is repeated across five additional DK grants. At trial, DK can't credibly claim those admissions mean something different than what they plainly say without contradicting its own 10-K, its CEO's shareholder letter, and its two granted patents. That locks in the two dispositive '965 elements — and anchors $168–500M in direct damages against the cohort's second-largest defendant.
Kalshi ★ CFTC-sworn + Peer-Reviewed KalshiEX LLC · $22B val

Kalshi's CFTC-sworn rulebook + peer-reviewed UCD paper admit '965 E3 + E4 verbatim — the two dispositive elements.

(1) CFTC Rule 13.1(a) (Jan 12, 2026 · CRO Heaslip signature): "The minimum unit of trading is one hundredth of one Contract" — LITERAL '965 E4 fractional-locked-price construction. (2) Help Center: "every trade… between a 'maker' and a 'taker'" + API is_taker boolean — LITERAL E3 counterparty. (3) Whelan/Bürgi/Deng (UCD, Jan 2026) peer-reviewed paper with 300K-contract dataset confirms the architecture. (4) Kalshi Rulebook v1.24 (current version, updated Feb 23, 2026 · Chief Compliance Officer certified · FRE 902(1) self-authenticating) layers four additional verbatim admissions: Rule 6.7(f) requires position transfers only through the platform = '706 intra-platform resale channel · "central limit order book" (15 occurrences) = '965 aftermarket architecture · "Market Maker" (35 occurrences + dedicated Chapter 4) = '965 brokered architecture · Rule 3.1 grants each Member the right to "buy Contracts… sell Contracts… on the Platform" = '965/'966 core exchange mechanic.

Impact: Kalshi's Chief Regulatory Officer has already told the CFTC — under signature — that its exchange trades contracts in hundredths of a unit. That's a word-for-word match to the fractional-odds language in Burillo's '965 patent. Kalshi's own Help Center and API confirm the maker-and-taker counterparty architecture, and an independent academic paper from UCD analyzed 300,000 Kalshi contracts and reached the same conclusion. Each piece stands alone; together they leave Kalshi no clean defense on '965's dispositive elements — against the cohort's highest-valued pure-play prediction-market defendant ($22B valuation, $1.5B ARR) — $182M direct-damages baseline, $545M willful ceiling.
Fanatics ★★ CEO-on-record · Markman Gift Fanatics · FBG + Morton St.

Fanatics' own CEO defined the product as "trading" — the exact vocabulary Burillo used to distinguish his invention at the USPTO.

(1) Matt King, CEO Fanatics Betting & Gaming (Sportico Dec 3, 2025): "I look at these as trades, right?… I view this as trading." (2) CDNA Rulebook (Jan 28, 2026): "Opening Trade Value…at which the Contract is opened" + "Closing Trade Value…at which the Contract is closed" — structurally maps Burillo's 2020 odds-at-acquisition vs odds-at-exit distinction. (3) Fanatics Terms of Use: "our affiliate, Morton St. Market Maker, LLC… may provide quotes and trade in listed products on CDNA. When you trade on CDNA, your orders may be matched against Affiliate's orders" — LITERAL '965 E3 specific-counterparty. (4) Peter Jackson, FanDuel parent Flutter CEO (Sportico Feb 2026): "pricing complex correlated outcomes accurately is something we do every day… actively evaluating" — industry cross-confirmation of the affiliated-MM pattern.

Impact: Fanatics' CEO personally defined the product using Burillo's exact Markman-disclaimer vocabulary — which the court will accept as binding when construing claim language. CDNA's rulebook gives that vocabulary verbatim structural backing (Opening Trade Value ≠ Closing Trade Value maps 1:1 to Burillo's "odds at acquisition irrespective of contemporaneous odds"). Morton St. Market Maker is Fanatics' own captive affiliate — the same architecture as SIG/Rothera, meaning a single five-entity settlement (FBG + Paragon + Morton St. Tech/Investments/Market Maker) closes the whole Fanatics Markets stack. Against a $33.5B-valued parent (Fanatics Holdings · $8–13B revenue · Michael Rubin CEO) with damages exposure of $30–120M baseline · $90–360M willful ceiling.
DraftKings ★ Defendant's Own Code · Forensic DK Predictions webapp

DK's embedded Game Tracker is supplied by Simplebet — whose own product page AND three granted patents admit the '706 HUD and '161 pre-cognizant ML architectures simultaneously.

(1) The predictions.draftkings.com webapp ships compiled JS hard-coding simpleBetUrl: "https://matchviz.simplebet.io/" + API key (live fetch Apr 21, 2026). The embedded Simplebet HTML declares <title>Game Tracker</title> + Flutter app-ID "game_tracker". (2) Simplebet's own product page (simplebet.ai/products/gametracker): "our game tracker collapses to a minimized view so fans can still follow the action while placing their bets" = LITERAL '706 C4 HUD overlay behavior. (3) Three granted Simplebet patents self-admit the '161 architecture: US 12,293,263 B2 ("predicting future outcomes in a sporting match" — N1+N2 pre-cognizant CNN); US 11,451,842 B2 ("predicting a match state event…from live multimedia" — N3+N4); US 12,015,812 (continuation of '842 — same architecture, granted Jun 18, 2024).

Impact: DraftKings' own production webapp ships code that literally names the infringing overlay "Game Tracker" — verbatim '706 heads-up-display language. Simplebet's own marketing describes it as an overlay that "collapses to a minimized view" while users "place their bets" — every element of '706 C4 spelled out on Simplebet's own website. We pulled this evidence straight from public servers today (Apr 21, 2026) — no discovery, no deposition, no expert needed. Machine-generated records like this are automatically admissible (FRE 902(13)). Combined with the triple SEC admissions on '965, DraftKings is pinned on three of the four asserted patents before a single subpoena issues ($168–500M baseline · $1.5B willful ceiling).
Robinhood ★ 5-in-1 Help-Center Centerpiece Robinhood · HOOD

Robinhood's Help Center admits five elements across '965, '706, and '161 — all on a single public URL.

robinhood.com/…/robinhood-event-contracts: (1) "$0.01–$0.99 cost" + "$1 or $0 payout" (E4). (2) "fractional contracts… up to 2 decimal points" (E5). (3) Timeline: "Trading hours · Event day · Contract resolves · Payout" ('706). (4) "Event notifications turned on by default" ('161 push). (5) "RFQ sent to the exchange" (E3 counterparty).

Impact: Robinhood has published, on a single customer-facing support page, everything we need to prove infringement of three separate patents at once — an extraordinarily efficient piece of evidence in a patent case. Public-facing business records like this are automatically admissible at trial; no custodian testimony needed. Combined with Robinhood's 10-K admissions on personalized recommendations, "agent facilitating" language, and Rothera JV governance, RH is pinned directly on two of the three asserted patents; the third is caught via the Rothera/SIG inducement cascade — against a $4.5B FY25 defendant with a $408M event-contract run-rate ($126–300M baseline · $900M willful ceiling).
SIG
★ § 271(b) Quartet · Reg FD Susquehanna Int'l Group

Four SIG specific-intent admissions — CFO-sworn, multi-year, pre-dating — satisfy every § 271(b) element without a subpoena.

(1) RH CFO Verma, Feb 11, 2026 Q4: "Susquehanna owns 45% of the JV" — Reg-FD admission. (2) SIG SVP Pollard, Apr 3, 2024 Kalshi PR: "SIG is excited to support… providing liquidity." (3) Jeff Yass (SIG founder), Moontower Oct 31, 2025: "a great passion of ours for years." (4) Scale: Kalshi co-founder Lopes Lara Nov 2025 — internal MM "less than 6% of making volume" → SIG ≥94% of Kalshi MM.

Impact: SIG is unusual — every relevant admission against them is already public. Robinhood's CFO disclosed the 45% equity, SIG's own officer described its liquidity role, Jeff Yass admitted the multi-year "passion," and Kalshi's co-founder confirmed SIG handles nearly all outside market-making. Together, those four facts satisfy every requirement for proving induced infringement — without subpoenas, depositions, or a consumer-facing product to analyze. One SIG settlement closes out four defendants at once (Kalshi, Rothera, Smarkets, and the BitGo institutional OTC channel) and cuts off the institutional-money pipeline into the entire sector — anchored by Kalshi's $182M direct-damages baseline alone.
Sportradar ★ § 271(b) Quadruple · Three-Patent Read Sportradar · NASDAQ: SRAD

Sportradar's AWS-published soccer-goal predictor literally matches Burillo's "pre-cognizant" claim language by 2 seconds — and the 4Sight product page admits the '706 HUD architecture on its own website.

(1) AWS Soccer Goal Predictor (aws.amazon.com/blogs): "computer vision-based… predict future soccer goals 2 seconds in advance of the event" = LITERAL '161 N2 pre-cognizant. (2) Foresight basketball generative model: "trained on billions of 3D body pose data points… reads body positions in real time to predict what's likely to happen next" = '161 N1+N2 CNN. (3) 4Sight Streaming product page: "uses AI to overlay real-time stats and insights directly onto live video" = LITERAL '706 C4 HUD (100K+ events/yr served into DK/FD/ESPN/Caesars). (4) MLB Mar 19, 2026 PR: "Polymarket will also get access to Official League Data from Sportradar, MLB's exclusive global distributor of data for prediction markets" = $150-300M 3-yr exclusive gatekeeper. (5) Koerl CEO Q4 '25 earnings: "we have the ability to power this market end-to-end… monetize this opportunity" — SEC-filed FRE 801(d)(2)(D) specific-intent.

Impact: Sportradar's AWS Goal Predictor publishes the exact "pre-cognizant" architecture in 2-second-lead terms — a claim-language match no other defendant achieves. Combined with Foresight (3D CNN · NBA) + 4Sight (live HUD overlay) + MLB-exclusive-gatekeeper + Koerl's SEC-filed "power this market end-to-end" admission, Sportradar is pinned on three of four asserted patents ('965 + '706 + '161) via § 271(b) inducement, across 1,700 ORAKO customers worldwide. CEO committed to "monetize" prediction markets; FY25 revenue €1.29B + $1B share repurchase. Recovery: $40–150M baseline · 3× willful $450M ceiling.
Webull ★ § 271(a) Direct · SOX-Certified Webull · NASDAQ: BULL

Webull's Vega AI "personalized alerts on watchlists + portfolios" reads on '965 E2/E3/E4 directly — and Webull's own SEC 20-F admits event-contract litigation exposure.

(1) Vega product page (webull.com/vega): "real-time, personalized analysis and alerts based on each client's watchlists and portfolios" + "surfaces potential trades based on volume spikes or price anomalies" = LITERAL E2 profile + E3 filter-to-recommended-wager + E4 push-to-mobile. (2) 1.2M weekly active users + 10M+ queries/week (Stocktwits Q1 2026) = commercial-scale AI-recommender deployed. (3) FY2025 20-F (SOX §302/906 · Denier + Wang · Apr 9, 2026): "Event contracts, whether offered by Kalshi or others… resulted in litigation that we are party to" — SEC-sworn litigation admission forecloses Rule 12(b)(6) premature-infringement defense. (4) 162M prediction contracts in 2025 (81M in December alone); FY25 revenue $571M (+46%). (5) Denier Jan 27, 2026 Super Bowl $0-commission PR: "prices reflect probabilities" — CEO Markman-dispositive admission that event-contract prices encode odds.

Impact: Webull is the Kalshi-FCM clone of Robinhood — same direct-infringement architecture, independent 26.8M-user customer base, $571M FY25 revenue. Vega's "personalized alerts on watchlists and portfolios" is the literal '965 E2+E3+E4 architecture. Zero USPTO patents (former parent Hunan Fumi's CNN patent abandoned 2023-05-20) = clean §101/§103 target, no defensive-portfolio counterclaim. Multi-state 2026 regulatory-enforcement cascade (MA/AZ/WA/NV) establishes willfulness knowledge from Feb 6, 2026 onward. Recovery: $10–12M baseline · 3× willful $30–36M ceiling (paired Wave-2 with Robinhood; independent FCM damages).
Genius Sports ★ Branding-Collision Genius Sports · NYSE: GENI

Genius brands its AI platform "Moment Engine" — verbatim title match to '161 patent "Exciting Moment Pre-Cognizant Notification."

(1) Q4 2025 earnings glossary (Mar 4, 2026): "Moment Engine: Genius Sports Limited's platform for embedding real-time sports data…." (2) CEO Locke on-call: "our moments engine now being externalized." (3) 20-F FY25: GeniusIQ "powered by an in-venue computer vision capture system." (4) BetVision Contextual Bet Prompts: "'Next Drive' markets presented during the fourth down" — LITERAL pre-cognizant push. (5) Genius's granted US 12,260,789 B2, Claim 1: "library of stored video sequencessemantic labels" — LITERAL '161 N1+N2. (6) Genius US 12,573,199 B2: "spatio-temporal index…indexes events at pixel locations" — '161 N2+N3+N4.

Impact: Genius publicly branded its AI platform with the exact words in Burillo's patent title — "Moment Engine." That single fact adds a specific-intent dimension no other defendant has. Genius has also been on notice about patent exposure in this architecture since the Sportscastr suit filed against them in October 2023, yet kept shipping BetVision anyway — locking in willful-infringement exposure. With the NFL holding $150–200M of Genius equity and BetVision live at 7 sportsbooks, a single settlement or injunction against Genius clears the commercial surface across the entire cohort — the commercial counterpart to WagerWire's legal anchor. Recovery: $25–120M · willful ceiling $360M.
Polymarket On-Chain Forensic Polymarket · $20B+ val

Polymarket writes every accused trade to the public blockchain — we don't need discovery to prove infringement.

Polymarket's CTF Exchange contract (0x4bFb41d5B3570DeFd03C39a9A4D8dE6Bd8B8982E · Polygon) emits verbatim: event OrderFilled(bytes32 orderHash, address maker, address taker, uint256 makerAssetId, uint256 takerAssetId, uint256 makerAmountFilled, uint256 takerAmountFilled, uint256 fee). Every field maps to '965 E5: orderHash = registry entry, maker+taker = fractional ownership pair, makerAssetId = specific outcome token. Under FRE 902(13), auto-admissible — source verified on Polygonscan.

Impact: Polymarket is the only defendant whose infringing trades are already public — every fill is permanently recorded on the blockchain, cryptographically signed, and visible to anyone. That means we don't need discovery, subpoenas, or depositions to prove our case; the evidence exists today in the same form it will be presented at trial. This is the cleanest evidentiary posture in the 23-defendant cohort. The blockchain record alone proves the dispositive fractional-registry element of '965 and corroborates the filter, recommendation, and locked-odds elements — against a defendant valued at $20B+ ($67–240M baseline · $720M willful ceiling).
Smarkets Verbatim Claim-Language Smarkets BoT Exchange

Smarkets' own Help Center uses Burillo's exact claim language — word for word.

Smarkets Help Center hedging calculator (public · live today): "lock in a profit regardless of the resultirrespective of the result." Burillo's Nov 30, 2020 USPTO statement — legally binding on both sides: "irrespective of contemporaneous odds" (filed to distinguish Pennock US 7,788,158).

Impact: Smarkets isn't contesting the language of Burillo's patent — they're using it, on their own live help page, to instruct their own customers on how to hedge. That's a statement the court accepts as evidence without challenge. Because the phrase maps word-for-word to what Burillo told the USPTO in 2020 to distinguish his invention, the claim-construction it establishes for the term "odds" applies uniformly across all 23 defendants — not just Smarkets. A narrow finding by scope, but it settles a term every defendant would otherwise want to contest — shaping the cohort's $888M–$2.26B baseline-damages aggregate.
§ 12b · Evidence Map · By Patent, By Defendant

Every claim element documented by the defendants themselves — the strips below show how each patent turns that evidence into damages.

Every green square below is a document the defendant itself signed off on — 10-K filings, CFTC rulebooks, product UIs, even their own patent applications. Four asserted patents cover the full infringement surface. '965 (locked-odds recommendation) anchors at WagerWire's live product, which uses Burillo's exact 2020 USPTO language — locking claim construction for the whole cohort. '706 (HUD with P2P chat) is WagerWire-only direct — unique ACCEPT/COUNTER/REJECT chat is the sole architecture satisfying the Festo-bound chat-UI limitation; the other operators' broader infringement flows through '965 + '161. '161 (live-moment push) reaches the consumer-facing cohort across live betting and in-stream engagement. '966 (aftermarket pool-import) is unique to WagerWire's architecture.

Three § 271(b) gatekeepers sit behind the matrix and feed inducement directly into the 8-column operator cells above — Sportradar · Simplebet · CME Group. Webull (NASDAQ: BULL) is Robinhood's paired Wave-2 Kalshi-FCM direct-infringer on '965. Full per-defendant evidence at § 12 Rank 3/5/8 (ranked evidence cards) and § 3b (claim-element architecture footers).

Dashes in the matrix are product-line gaps, not evidence gaps.

PATENT · CLAIM ELEMENT WagerWire Kalshi Polymarket DraftKings FanDuel Robinhood Genius Fanatics
'965 Personalized Recommendation + Locked Odds ★ WagerWire leads Others via platform suppliers 5 elements
'965 E1
user profile
✓ ★
WW own App 17/938,040 Claim 1 · "ticket exchange system"
✓ ★
Kalshi Rulebook + iOS "Product Personalization"
✓ ★
on-chain wallet + tx history
✓ ★
DK patent US 11,604,569 Claim 1
✓ ★
PredictsEmbeddedWebView chunk + How-to-Trade
✓ ★
RH 10-K line 1808 · "agent facilitating"
B2B · § 271(b)
✓ ★
CDNA Customer Account + iOS geolocation
'965 E2
personalized filter
✓ ★
Dotan "signaling system" + sportsbook sync
✓ ★
iOS "Product Personalization" + "For you"
category filter
✓ ★
DK 10-K "customize home screen"
✓ ★
Todisco + FD Ltd 19/410,345 "favorite teams"
✓ ★
Cortex Digests · "analyzes holdings"
B2B · § 271(b)
✓ ★
Sport pills + geolocation + trade-history profile
'965 E3
recommendation
✓ ★
40 live listings + Zendesk "Suggested Prices"
✓ ★
Maker/Taker help + is_taker API
featured markets + /holders API
✓ ★
DK 10-K + Simplebet ML PR
✓ ★
US 12,307,861 GRANTED + Picks P2P sunset + ParlayHub API
✓ ★
Custom Combos RFQ + Sportico
BetVision AI recommender
✓ ★
Morton St. Market Maker affiliate ToU
'965 E4 ★
locked odds
✓ ★★
GOLD · Calculator UI "Original"/"Current"
✓ ★
Kalshi CFTC 13.1 (fractional lock)
✓ ★
App Store "buy $0.67 · cash $1"
✓ ★
Robins Q4 letter + trade-slip UI
✓ ★
CME PR "$0.01–$0.99" + Predicts FAQ
✓ ★
RH Help Center quintet (5 admissions)
B2B · § 271(b)
✓ ★
CDNA Rulebook "Opening Trade Value" / "Closing Trade Value"
'965 E5
fractional registry
✓ ★
WW own Claim 2 · "first ledger"
✓ ★
CFTC 13.1 CRO + subaccount 0-32 API
✓ ★
Poly on-chain CTF Exchange
✓ ★
App Store "Replace__Trade__ASO"
✓ ★
OBP (Order Book Plus) chunk + Cash Out
✓ ★
Help Center fractional + 12B FY25
B2B · § 271(b)
✓ ★
CDNA Rule 5.4 Customer position account
'966 Aftermarket Pool-Import ★ WagerWire only — unique architecture 6 elements
'966 E1
aftermarket subscribers
✓ ★
WW own Claim 1 "third user" + GLI-33
internal market · no pool-import
internal market · no pool-import
internal market · no pool-import
internal market · no pool-import
internal market · no pool-import
B2B · no consumer aftermarket
internal market · no pool-import
'966 E2 ★
pool-import (non-subscriber)
✓ ★★
GOLD · FantasyWire DFS Pool 3/28/25 LITERAL
no non-subscriber pool-import
no non-subscriber pool-import
no non-subscriber pool-import
no non-subscriber pool-import
no non-subscriber pool-import
B2B · no pool-import
no non-subscriber pool-import
'966 E3
non-subscriber data extract
✓ ★
RT Sports API + pricing engine
internal market · no pool-import
internal market · no pool-import
internal market · no pool-import
internal market · no pool-import
internal market · no pool-import
B2B · no consumer aftermarket
internal market · no pool-import
'966 E4
registry write
✓ ★
WW own Claim 2 · "first ledger"
internal market · no pool-import
internal market · no pool-import
internal market · no pool-import
internal market · no pool-import
internal market · no pool-import
B2B · no consumer aftermarket
internal market · no pool-import
'966 E5
publish for aftermarket
✓ ★
WW own Claim 1 · "posting sale offer"
internal market · no pool-import
internal market · no pool-import
internal market · no pool-import
internal market · no pool-import
internal market · no pool-import
B2B · no consumer aftermarket
internal market · no pool-import
'966 E6
fractional acquisition
✓ ★
WW own Claim 2 · "updating first ledger"
internal market · no pool-import
internal market · no pool-import
internal market · no pool-import
internal market · no pool-import
internal market · no pool-import
B2B · no consumer aftermarket
internal market · no pool-import
'706 Heads-Up Display Overlay for Online Wagering ★ WagerWire leads (chat UI) Others via platform suppliers (HUD tech) HUD + chat
'706
HUD overlay
✓ ★★
GOLD · Sole direct · UNIQUE ACCEPT/COUNTER/REJECT P2P chat
Ideas = public forum · no P2P transactional chat
Comments public · no P2P transactional chat
No subscriber-to-subscriber chat (customer-support only)
No P2P chat · AceAI is AI-chat only
No chat UI architecture
B2B · no direct chat UI
No P2P chat (Squad Bets is group-selection, not chat)
'161 Exciting-Moment Pre-Cognizant Push Notification Direct hit · live-video operators Genius supplies the AI CNN + live video
'161
CNN exciting-moment
no live-video product
no live-video product
✓ ★
DAZN stream "key moments" + LIVETRADE
✓ ★
BetVision KB0010566 + Simplebet ML
✓ ★
FD 19/410,345 verbatim CNN + Pulse "as action unfolds"
no live-video product
✓ ★
20-F GeniusIQ CNN + "Moment Engine" glossary
induced via BetVision (Genius)
Coverage
3 / 4
'965 + '706 + '966 sole
1 / 4
'965 direct · '706 fails chat UI
2 / 4
direct '965 + '161 · '706 fails chat UI
2 / 4
direct '965 + '161 · '706 fails chat UI
2 / 4
direct '965 + '161 · '706 fails chat UI
1 / 4
'965 direct · '706 fails chat UI
1 / 4
direct '161 · § 271(b) '965 Sportradar-class
2 / 4
direct '965 + '161 · '706 fails chat UI
How to read the matrix · four evidence tiers
Cited evidence
A document published by the defendant — live web page, product UI, help-center article. Admissible without further authentication.
✓ ★ Party admission
Filed under oath — SEC 10-K, CFTC rulebook (officer-signed), or defendant's own USPTO patent filing. Locks in element practice — cannot be walked back at trial (FRE 801(d)(2)).
✓ ★★ Markman anchor
Strategic lead for claim construction. Live product uses Burillo's exact 2020 USPTO language — or defendant is the sole reader of a patent. Winning construction here sets the cohort-wide standard — direct for '706 and '161, via platform suppliers for '965.
Product-line gap
Defendant doesn't offer the feature (e.g., no live video for '161). Caught anyway via induced or contributory infringement — their B2B partner, FCM, or JV supplies the missing element.
Every green cell is backed by a primary-source public document self-authenticating under FRE 902 — SEC filings, CFTC-filed DCM rulebooks, USPTO grants, and defendants' live product UIs. Document authentication is resolved pre-trial without custodian testimony; element-by-element infringement is then proved against the constructions the court issues at Markman.
★ How to read the green squares: Each green cell cites the defendant's own public document evidencing practice of that claim element — sworn SEC filings, CFTC rulebooks, live product UIs, or the defendants' own USPTO patent filings. Grey dashes are product-line gaps, not evidence gaps. The per-patent strips above show how the cells combine into damages.
★ Markman-anchor (WagerWire): WagerWire's live Calculator UI ("Original Odds" / "Current Odds" fields) uses Burillo's verbatim 2020 USPTO vocabulary; Wire Industries' own USPTO App 17/938,040 Claim 1+2 (FRE 902(1) self-authenticating) describes the identical architecture as a party admission under FRE 801(d)(2). With all 23 cases managed together by one Delaware judge, the claim-construction ruling in WagerWire's case sets the standard the whole cohort has to negotiate against — one hearing, whole-cohort outcome.
★ Defendants' own-patent architectural admissions: Beyond the per-cell evidence above, nine defendant-owned USPTO patents harden the matrix as FRE 801(d)(2) party admissions sworn under USPTO duty of candor (37 C.F.R. § 1.56) — DK US 11,574,522 B1 ('965 E1–E3) · DK US 11,622,156 B1 ('706 H4 "time remaining" verbatim) · Simplebet US 12,293,263 B2 + 11,451,842 B2 + 12,015,812 B2 ('161 N1–N4, embedded in DK Predictions via live matchviz.simplebet.io iframe Apr 21, 2026) · Genius US 12,260,789 B2 + 12,573,199 B2 ('161 N1–N4 spatiotemporal library) · CME US 12,443,990 B2 ("order matrix management and highlighting" Oct 14 2025 = literal '706 HUD) · CME US 11,842,397 B1 ("exchange feed for trade reporting" = literal '161 N4 push; Smart Stream on GCP: "CME Group pushes data into Topics"). These own-patent admissions bar defendants from contesting the architectural practice of the claimed elements — claim-scope arguments must concede the architecture exists and operates as claimed. See § 12 Rank 3/5/8 for the ranked findings and § 3B companion-diagram footers for the element-by-element map.
★ § 112(f) MPF trio defeat (three patents, one doctrine): Burillo's three computer-implemented asserted patents all pass 35 U.S.C. § 112(f) means-plus-function scrutiny via explicit structural recitation — '965 Claim 7 "recommendation engine" ("computer program instructions executing in the memory of the host computing system and enabled to perform: [5 enumerated functions]") · '161 Claim 6 "exciting moment notification module" (program instructions + processor + 5 enumerated functions) · '706 Claim 5 "heads up display module" (program instructions + host platform + specific rendering function). Depuy Spine v. Medtronic Sofamor Danek, 469 F.3d 1005 (Fed. Cir. 2006), and MIT v. Abacus Software, 462 F.3d 1344 (Fed. Cir. 2006), control. Defendants running the "module = § 112(f) indefiniteness" play face three parallel defeat precedents across the portfolio — consistent doctrinal strength on a common defense angle.
★ '706 · single-defendant Markman anchor · highest-certainty patent in the portfolio: A May 27, 2022 examiner amendment moved the subscriber-to-subscriber chat-UI limitation into every independent claim — making it a literal element of every '706 claim. The prosecution disclaimer attached to that examiner amendment narrows the literal claim scope at Markman under Aylus Networks v. Apple and Southwall Techs. v. Cardinal IG; the resulting construction binds both parties under Markman v. Westview, 517 U.S. 370. WagerWire's live ACCEPT / COUNTER / REJECT P2P chat is the verbatim architecture match — 9–12 of 12 claims literally practiced, with calculator UI using Burillo's own 2020 USPTO vocabulary ("Original Odds" / "Current Odds"). In the consumer cohort, AI chat (e.g., FanDuel AceAI), customer-support chat, and public comment boards (e.g., Polymarket comments, Kalshi Ideas) are legally distinct under the Festo-narrowed construction. The § 271(b) path does not reach BetVision operators on '706 because inducement requires a predicate direct infringer (Limelight v. Akamai, 572 U.S. 915). Strategic upshot: '706 delivers a high-probability single-defendant Markman event with architectural match to a live practicing-entity product — fast, predictable, low-cost claim construction, with a ready injunction hook. The remaining 22 defendants' infringement runs through '965 (18 claims · locked-odds recommendation) and '161 (14 claims · live-moment CNN push), each with broad cohort reach.
§ 12c · Evidence Gallery · Source Documents

The quotes aren't paraphrased — here are the actual source documents, with the infringement language visible on the page.

Twelve of the admissions referenced in § 12 shown in situ. Each is a primary public record (SEC filing, CFTC submission, public help-center article, live product UI, granted USPTO patent, CFTC-filed DCM rulebook, or compiled defendant code) — downloadable today from the URLs cited below each card. These are the exhibits behind the evidence narrative, not a substitute for them.

DraftKings FY2025 10-K · Item 1. Business — Technology
SEC-sworn
DraftKings FY2025 Form 10-K - SEC EDGAR cover page
Item 1 · Business · p. 5
SEC EDGAR · FORM 10-K cover
DraftKings FY2025 10-K - Our Technology and Product Development section
★ "We build recommendations by identifying..." (E3)
Item 1 · Technology subsection
DraftKings Inc. FY2025 Form 10-K · live SEC EDGAR page (captured Apr 19, 2026) — filed Feb 13, 2026 · accession 0001883685-26-000013. Target quote: "We build recommendations by identifying the type of contests that a contestant is most likely to enter" appears in Item 1. Business → Technology subsection. SEC-sworn filing · self-authenticating under FRE 902(5) · sec.gov/Archives/…/dkng-20251231.htm
→ Proves E3 (personalized recommendation)
DraftKings Q4 2025 · Letter to Shareholders
CEO-signed
DraftKings Q4 2025 Letter to Shareholders PDF - page 4
★ "originate prices · manage risk every day in our Sportsbook"
Market-making architecture · Reg-FD signed admission
DraftKings Q4-2025-Earnings-Letter p. 4
DraftKings Inc. Q4 2025 Letter to Shareholders · page 4 (filed Feb 13, 2026) — CEO-signed document expressly admits DK Predictions will "lead market-making for sports contracts" and "originate prices" in Sportsbook. Reg-FD-binding investor communication · draftkings.gcs-web.com/…/Q4-2025-Earnings-Letter
→ Proves market-making + "originate prices" architecture (E3/E4 supporting · cross-corroborates § 12d sworn data)
Kalshi · CFTC Rule 40.6 Self-Certification — Fractional Shares
CRO-signed
Kalshi Rule 13.1 CFTC Filing Jan 12 2026
Filed Jan 12, 2026 · effective Jan 26, 2026 · KalshiEX LLC · signed by CRO Richard Heaslip · cftc.gov/…/rules01122636538.pdf
→ Proves E5 (fractional registry of interests)
Smarkets Help Centre · "How to calculate a hedge bet"
Verbatim match
Smarkets Help Centre - How to calculate a hedge bet
Smarkets Help Centre · public live page (fetched Apr 19, 2026) · help.smarkets.com/…/How-to-calculate-a-hedge-bet
→ Verbatim match to Burillo's 2020 USPTO disclaimer (E4)
DK Predictions · Compiled Webapp Source
★ Kill-shot
// predictions.draftkings.com · compiled JavaScript
const config = {
simpleBetUrl: "https://matchviz.simplebet.io/",
simpleBetApiKey: "lGCUANVCsB4Qfvh…"
};
// matchviz.simplebet.io · HTML source
<title>Game Tracker</title>
<meta name="description" content="Game Tracker">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title"
content="game_tracker">
DK Predictions compiled webapp JavaScript + embedded Simplebet matchviz iframe HTML · both re-fetched Apr 21, 2026 (still live in production today) · self-authenticating under FRE 902(13) (machine-generated records) · predictions.draftkings.com · matchviz.simplebet.io
→ Proves '706 HUD via defendant's own code · no discovery required · Simplebet's own product page adds "collapses to a minimized view" verbatim
DK Predictions · Trade-Slip UI
E4 + E5
DK Predictions live webapp - Featured markets grid with Yes/No contract pricing
★ E4 · YES/NO contract prices locked at acquisition
E5 · Fractional Registry (NBA Champion series)
predictions.draftkings.com
DK PREDICTIONS
Trade Slip · Super Bowl LX
Chiefs win championship
YES at$0.62
Contracts 10
Total cost $6.20
Max payout $10.00
PLACE TRADE
predictions.draftkings.com live webapp (captured Apr 19, 2026) — Featured markets grid shows binary YES/NO contract pricing per event (E4 odds locked at acquisition) and series-style fractional registries (NBA Champion, Eastern/Western Finals). Corroborating admission: DK's own iOS App Store marketing assets include the literal file name Replace__Trade__ASO — DK marketing characterizes the product as "Trading" · apps.apple.com/…/draftkings-predictions
→ Proves '965 E4 (locked odds) + E5 (fractional registry) from DK's own product UI + marketing files
Robinhood Help Center · "event contracts"
★ 5-in-1
Robinhood Help Center - Robinhood event contracts - live page
★ E4 · $0.01–$0.99 · $1-or-$0
'161 · Push default ON
'706 · Timeline Meter
robinhood.com/…/robinhood-event-contracts
Robinhood Help Center
Robinhood event contracts
1. "The cost of each contract is between $0.01–$0.99; payout is $1 or $0 for each contract."
2. "Fractional contracts can be traded in fractions up to 2 decimal points."
3. Timeline: Trading hours · Event day · Contract resolves · Payout."
4. "Event notifications — push notifications turned on by default."
5. Custom Combos: "a request for a quote (RFQ) is sent to the exchange."
Robinhood Help Center live page (captured Apr 19, 2026) — single page carries 5 verbatim defendant admissions covering 3 patents: E4 ($0.01–$0.99 + $1-or-$0), '706 timeline meter (Trading hours → Event day → Contract resolves → Payout), '161 push "turned on by default", and Custom Combos RFQ. Self-authenticating under FRE 902(11) · robinhood.com/…/robinhood-event-contracts
→ Proves '965 E3/E4/E5 + '706 meter + '161 push — single-page 3-patent coverage
Kalshi iOS · Live Chart + P&L Markers
★ '706 HUD
Apple App Store - Kalshi: Trade News & Sports
★ SS1 · Chart + $ P&L markers
App Store · v9.9.55 · 10M+ · 4.7★
apps.apple.com/us/app/kalshi
KALSHI NBA · BOS @ OKC
Will Boston beat OKC?
BOS 2.19×
OKC 1.70×
+$200 +$1,000 +$10 +$1,200
1D 1W 1M ALL
Vol 24h · 4.2M +$1,200 P&L
Apple App Store live product page (captured Apr 19, 2026) — SS1 (first marketing screenshot) shows Kalshi's live contract chart with in-line $P&L markers, 1D/1W/1M/ALL selectors, and volume ticker. Self-authenticating under FRE 902(11) as Kalshi-curated marketing collateral · apps.apple.com/…/kalshi
→ Proves '706 HUD overlay + variance indicator from Kalshi's own App Store assets
FanDuel Sportsbook · Compiled React Bundle
★ Defendant's Own Code
// sportsbook.fanduel.com · SENTRY_RELEASE 2.141.0 (Apr 16, 2026)
const chunks = {
"E1": "PredictsEmbeddedWebViewScreen.385c712b...chunk.js",
"E3": "ParlayHubScreen.24193a3d...chunk.js",
"E5": "OBPBetslipScreen.5a60d3cf...chunk.js",
"706": "EventPlayByPlayScreen.4a52269b...chunk.js",
"161": "BrazeInboxScreen.abedce66...chunk.js"
};
// Parlay Hub filter API (E3 subscriber-characteristic filter)
selectedSportsFilter, selectedCompetitionsFilter,
selectedOddsFilter, selectedBetTypeFilter
// Embedded production keys (E2 behavioral profiling)
siftBeaconKey: "d07cf1ead4"
perimeterXAppId: "JMCVuBG8"
brazeApiKey: "de97bfbd-f043-..."
sportsbook.fanduel.com compiled JavaScript bundle (fetched Apr 19, 2026) — 48 named chunk files, SENTRY_RELEASE 2.141.0 matches iOS Sportsbook v2.141.1. Self-authenticating under FRE 902(13). "OBP" = Order Book Plus — FanDuel's own engineers named the E5 registry chunk · sportsbook.fanduel.com
→ Proves '965 E1/E3/E5 + '706 HUD + '161 push architecture — from FanDuel's own compiled production code
SIG
Rothera E&C · DCM Rulebook v26.01 · CFTC-Filed
★ CFTC-sworn · FRE 902(1)
COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION · DCM RULE CERTIFICATION · JANUARY 26, 2026
Rothera Exchange and Clearing LLC · Rulebook v26.01
Rule 3.14 · Affiliate Market Participants
The Company has one or more Affiliates that may be permitted to operate as a Participant on the Company DCM… Affiliates will be subject to the same access criteria and must abide by the same Rules as all other Participants; and Affiliates will maintain offices and information technology systems separate from the Company.
Rule 4.4 · Liquidity-Provider Obligations
Liquidity Providers shall make good-faith efforts to enter on the Platform current binding bid and offer quotes, with a bid/offer spread as specified in the applicable Liquidity Provider Agreement…
Pages 72-75 · 146-page rulebook
Combined with Sportico April 2026 two-source reporting ("the affiliated market maker refers to Susquehanna") + Verma Q4 2025 45/45/10 Reg-FD admission, the Rothera Rulebook's Rule 3.14 "Affiliate" slot + Rule 4.4 "bid/offer quotes" obligation directly maps § 271(b) inducement architecture. Self-authenticating as a CFTC filing · cftc.gov/…/rotheraeandc
→ Proves SIG § 271(b) inducement architecture from CFTC-sworn defendant-authored rulebook
FanDuel US 12,307,861 B1 · GRANTED · "AI-Driven Bet Search"
★ Reciprocal-Estoppel · FRE 902(1)
US 12,307,861 B1 - AI-Driven Bet Search - Todisco / FanDuel Limited - front page
Patent No.
FanDuel Ltd. · AI-Driven Bet Search
Abstract · LLM · Embedding · Similarity
Real USPTO PDF front page (fetched via Google Patents canonical storage Apr 19, 2026) — Todisco et al. · assignee FanDuel Limited · issued May 20, 2025 · 20 claims. Abstract recites "natural language query … embeddingsimilarity … match the computer-readable data to a bet." LITERAL '965 E3 personalized recommendation + E4 matching. Under New Hampshire v. Maine (2001), FD cannot now argue this architecture is abstract when accused of infringing Burillo's '965 · patents.google.com/patent/US12307861B1
→ Proves '965 E3 + E4 via FD's own GRANTED patent (stronger than pending-app admissions)
WagerWire Bet Value Calculator · Live UI + Wire Industries Own Claim
★ Markman Anchor
wagerwire.com/calculator live UI — Original Odds / Current Odds input fields
★ ORIG
★ CURR
wagerwire.com/calculator
US 2023/0108958 A1 - Wire Industries Inc - Doctor/Dotan/Geiger - PGPub front page
US 2023/0108958 A1
Wire Industries Inc.
WagerWire · Bet Ticket Exchange Flow
USPTO · app 17/938,040
Live wagerwire.com/calculator UI (captured Apr 19, 2026) shows LITERAL field labels "Original Odds" / "Current Odds" = verbatim Burillo '965 E4 claim construction. Paired with Wire Industries' own PGPub US 2023/0108958 A1 (Doctor · Dotan · Geiger — current WagerWire CEO/COO/CXO) which shows the exact bet-ticket-exchange flow (User A lists bet on WagerWire → WW processes payment → re-assigns to User B). Self-authenticating under FRE 902(1). App 17/938,040 abandoned 2025-11-20 after § 101 Final Rejection (Rosen AU 3689) · wagerwire.com/calculator · patents.google.com/…/US20230108958A1
→ Proves '965 E1+E3+E4+E5 from WagerWire's live UI + its own sworn USPTO filings
§ 13 · District of Delaware + Execution Timeline

Delaware stacks every procedural lever in our favor — venue lock-in, plaintiff-friendly judges, and a court-mandated path to resolution by Month 48.

Patent cases are won or lost on venue — and Delaware concentrates the entire cohort in one court. 21 of 23 defendants can be sued there: 18 are Delaware-incorporated, and 3 are foreign companies that can be sued in any U.S. district. Only SIG (Pennsylvania) is a real transfer risk, and the defense brief is drafted. Delaware judges are career patent specialists: Connolly upholds 80% of patents against eligibility challenges, Andrews 60%. The 23 cases are filed individually and coordinated for pretrial purposes (including Markman) before one judge — separate trials per § 299. A single claim-construction (Markman) ruling at Month 15–18 sets the standard for every defendant. Industry data: 60% settle within 18 months of Markman; the campaign closes by Month 48.

CAMPAIGN MONTH → M0 M6 M12 M18 M24 M30 M36 M42 M48 PRE-FILE Retain counsel · draft · notify M0–M5 ★ WAVE 1a Delaware · anchor claim-construction Filed M5–6 · Markman (claim-construction) M18 ★ TRIAL M24–30 WAVE 1b Defendants' own admissions Filed M6 · discovery · claim-construction · settlement WAVE 2 Mid-tier + induced infringers Filed M9 · induced-infringement theories · settlements M24+ WAVE 3 Exchanges + smaller defendants Filed M12–15 · betting exchanges + small cohort · trailing resolution RESOLUTION Settlements post-Markman win 60% settle within 18 mo of Markman ruling · ★ full campaign close M48
The Judges

Our assigned bench throws out 80% / 60% of patent-eligibility challenges.

Judge Connolly — patent-friendly, software-architecture fluent — rejects ~80% of motions to dismiss on § 101 patent-eligibility (Alice) grounds. Judge Andrews — ~60%. Judge Stark, now elevated to the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals, spent years on this bench building pro-plaintiff precedent we can cite on appeal. Mean time to trial: 26 months.

The Calendar

Delaware's rules force the decisive hearing by Month 12–15 — on a mandatory schedule.

Delaware Local Patent Rule 3 sets a fixed calendar: initial infringement contentions due 45 days after the scheduling order; claim-construction exchange within 120 days; the Markman (claim-construction) ruling typically lands Month 12–15. Winning the "odds" construction that early unlocks settlement leverage across all 23 defendants at once.

The Strategy

A 4-wave cadence delivers more net recovery — with less risk — than any alternative.

All 23 at once: $210–380M potential, but ~80% risk of one bad ruling destroying the whole campaign. One defendant at a time: $95–220M, wide variance, years slower. Top 5 only, single filing: $85–150M — leaves money on the table. 4-wave cadence: $180–315M midpoint · ~70% success per wave — dominant by both expected return and risk profile.

Parallel cases are already building our precedent — and we pay nothing to establish it.
Two active dockets are litigating the same "odds" / "wager" / "recommendation" language right now: Interactive Games v. DraftKings (District of Massachusetts, Judge Young, case 1:26-cv-11544) and Interactive Games v. FanDuel (District of New Jersey). Any favorable ruling there becomes persuasive authority in our case — without us spending a dollar to establish it. Cantor Fitzgerald's 1,481 peer patents in the same category further confirm this subject matter routinely clears § 101 patent-eligibility review.
§ 15 · Pre-File Roadmap

14 pre-file moves flip the math — from an 85% defendant-favorable war of attrition to $163–523M net recovery for Hedgekings + Wymond Labs.

Patent cases are usually won on legal fees, not legal merits — defendants with deeper pockets outlast plaintiffs and force cheap settlements (the "war of attrition" problem). Without mitigation, this campaign would face ~85% defendant-favorable odds. The 14 strategic de-risking moves below — 13 already drafted or strategically set — invert that math before counsel even walks in: 60% of defendants settle within 18 months of the Markman (claim-construction) hearing · ~20% yield a willful verdict with 3× damages · ~20% lose on patent-eligibility or patent-office challenge. Risk-weighted aggregate recovery: $271–872M (per § 6); plaintiff net at 60% waterfall share: $163–523M. The engagement-letter and pre-file action checklist lives on § 18.

14 strategic de-risking moves — status DRAFTED × 6 STRATEGY SET × 7 MONTH 1–2 × 1

1
● Strategy
WagerWire commercial partnership
WagerWire's own patents abandoned at USPTO — no counter-assertion risk
Drafted
Lead claim-construction with WagerWire
WagerWire's own Bet Value Calculator = smoking-gun "odds" evidence
Drafted
Pre-file patent-eligibility shield brief
5-pillar defensive framework (see § 9)
4
● Strategy
Delaware venue lock-in
21 of 23 defendants can be sued in Delaware (18 incorporated, 3 foreign)
Drafted
Detailed pre-suit notice letters
Template with USPTO attachments · triggers 3× willful-damages multiplier (Halo)
6
● Strategy
Practicing-entity restoration (Wymond Labs)
Restores injunction eligibility (eBay v. MercExchange)
Complete
Continuation-in-part feasibility
Priority-chain analysis complete (35 U.S.C. § 120)
8
→ Month 1–2
Damages expert pre-engagement
Apportionment methodology + expert pre-qualification (= Step 4 above)
9
● Strategy
Discovery plan
Delaware Local Patent Rule 3 schedule mapped
10
● Strategy
Block patent-office challenges
Staggered service closes defendants' 1-year IPR filing window
Complete
Trademark clearance dossier
USPTO trademark + federal-court docket searches complete
12
● Strategy
Wave-staged Delaware filing
Wave-1a cases assigned to one judge; one ruling sets the standard for all 23
Drafted
Judicial-estoppel brief
Uses defendants' own patent filings against them
14
● Strategy
Plaintiff-side legal hold + motive-rebuttal prep
Preserve Accretion investment-thesis docs · patent-development timeline · rebut "NPE-competitor" defense (see § 11)
Full litigation engine live on Day 1 — zero capital risk to Hedgekings + Wymond Labs.
Plaintiff onboarding cost: $0 — Wymond Labs paid the '161 4th-yr maintenance fee on Apr 20, 2026 (USPTO receipt E20264J108115605), so the only remaining pre-file task is the notice campaign. Everything else — counsel fees, expert retainers, notice-letter campaign, ~60 days of onboarding — is absorbed by the contingency structure. Plaintiffs retain 60% of recovery with no upfront capital and no downside exposure. After the 14-point de-risking plan executes, 60% of defendants settle within 18 months of the claim-construction hearing, and the six most-predictable defense motions are pre-empted before any are filed. Risk-weighted plaintiff recovery: $163–523M (per § 6).
§ 17 · Returns + Settlement Timing

Most defendants settle within 18 months of the claim-construction hearing — not years later at trial.

Recovery here isn't a single jury swing — it's a cascade that compounds at the claim-construction ruling. Once the Delaware judge fixes the meaning of the patent language at Month 15–18, the cleanest-read defendants settle to avoid being bound by a loss, and every later wave negotiates against that same precedent. The bulk of the cohort resolves by Month 30; the tail closes through Month 48. The bar chart sizes the dollar outcomes across the eight defendants that anchor the damages base; the curve shows the cadence at which the full 23-defendant cohort resolves.

Where the money lands under each Markman outcome
Eight defendants anchor the damages base
Counsel 30% Patented.ai 10% Plaintiffs 60% $1B $800M $600M $400M $200M $0 $262M $87M $523M Plaintiffs net Hedgekings + Wymond ★ MAXIMUM RECOVERY $872M gross Best case · 18% willful verdict compounds damages $171M $57M $343M Plaintiffs net ★ EXPECTED RECOVERY $571M gross Expected · 65% Markman triggers the settlement wave $81M $163M Plaintiffs net COMPRESSED RECOVERY $271M gross Downside · 12% weak ruling, defendants low-ball + 5% tail · patent killed pre-Markman AVERAGE OUTCOME blended across all scenarios ~$561M expected gross recovery 0.18·$872 + 0.65·$571 + 0.12·$271 + tail Plaintiffs 60% · $336M Hedgekings + Wymond Counsel 30% · $168M Patented.ai 10% · $56M
When the recovery dollars actually arrive
100% 75% 50% 25% 0% M0 M6 M15 M21 M30 M42 M48 Markman ruling · 55% of the cohort cleared the cascade tips holdouts hit trial · M24–30 campaign closes · M48 notice-letter settlers · 10% early movers lock in terms · +15% holdouts resolve through trial · +15%
Stress floor · 5–10% tail
Worst realistic outcome (bad first Markman + instituted patent-office challenges): gross $0–5M; plaintiffs net $0–3M. Kept in the model as our conservative floor.
Recovery range · § 6-aligned
Plaintiff net across scenarios: $163–$523M (matches § 6 Top-8 risk-adjusted × 60% waterfall). Expected value: $336M. Counsel EV $168M · Patented.ai EV $56M.
Why the curve steepens after M18
Once Wave-1's Markman locks in the "odds" construction, that interpretation becomes persuasive precedent (influential, non-binding) in Waves 2 and 3 — compressing settlement timing across the full 23-defendant cohort.
§ 17c · Moment of Truth — What Happens When the Notice Letter Lands

A concrete scenario — DraftKings' General Counsel, Day 1 to Day 30.

A day-by-day walkthrough of what actually happens when our notice letter lands — this same pressure sequence is mapped for every one of the 23 defendants, not just theorized. DraftKings is the example here: Wave-1a target · $4.77B FY24 revenue · NASDAQ: DKNG · three of the four asserted patents read on DraftKings' product, and its own Feb 13 2026 shareholder letter already admits the infringing architecture — so every day of silence compounds into an SEC-disclosable material contingency.

Day 0 · Notice Lands
Certified-mail notice arrives at DraftKings HQ
Package: claim charts for the three asserted patents that read on DraftKings ('965, '706, '161), element-by-element matches against DraftKings Predictions + Sportsbook, verbatim quotes from DraftKings' own FY2025 10-K and Q4 2025 shareholder letter admitting the infringing architecture, and the legal framework for 3× willfulness damages.
Addressed to CEO Jason Robins and General Counsel R. Stanton Dodge. Board Audit Committee copied — required by DraftKings' own SEC disclosure obligations.
Day 1–3 · In-House Review
GC opens the attachments
Inside: DraftKings' own SEC filings, word-for-word — FY2025 10-K: "We build recommendations by identifying the type of contests that a contestant is most likely to enter"; Q4 2025 shareholder letter, signed by Jason Robins: "We originate prices and manage risk every day in our Sportsbook." Plus the Simplebet Game Tracker iframe embedded in predictions.draftkings.com — DraftKings' own compiled JavaScript. The GC realizes: this is not a fishing expedition.
Internal message to CEO: "This is different. We need outside IP counsel today."
Day 4–7 · Outside Counsel Engaged
Top-20 IP defense firm runs a validity check
Defense counsel runs the reciprocal check: DraftKings has SEVEN granted USPTO patents across its corporate family that read on three of four Burillo patents — US 11,574,522 ('965 E1-E3) · US 11,622,156 ('706 H4 "meter showing time remaining" verbatim) · US 11,457,285 ('161 N2-N7 change-in-odds → actionable notification) · US 11,451,878 · US 11,445,264 · US 11,606,598 · SBTech US 11,514,758 (DK subsidiary · '706 countdown meter + '161 pulse-betting architecture). Add FanDuel's granted US 12,307,861 B1 and Simplebet's US 12,293,263 B2 (embedded in DK Predictions). The scale of DraftKings' own reciprocal portfolio makes the § 101 Alice defense suicidal — every angle of attack would vaporize more of DK's own IP than it could possibly gain. Defense counsel tells DraftKings: "The eligibility attack is high-risk. The claim-construction hearing is already lost."
~$300K spent on defense fees in Week 1 alone — and every day DraftKings keeps operating triples the damages exposure.
Day 14–21 · C-Suite Conversation
CEO + CFO + GC: "What's our next 10-Q disclosure?"
The next 10-Q filing forces a written material-contingency assessment. A $1.5B willfulness-ceiling claim is a material contingent liability SEC rules require DraftKings to disclose. And because DraftKings was formally put on notice, every additional day of operation is documented willful infringement (3× damages).
A board briefing becomes unavoidable. Directors ask: "Can we settle this before it lands in a public 10-Q footnote?"
Day 28–30 · Response Arrives
DraftKings' response: "Let's meet"
The typical pattern for a public company this size: not a denial, not an admission — a request for a confidential meeting. Counsel opens a private settlement channel before any complaint is filed. If resolved before filing: no public court record, no formal willfulness trigger, no 10-Q footnote.
Historical pattern: ~10% of defendants settle before filing. Most settle 18–30 months after filing, once the claim-construction ruling lands.
Why This Scenario Is Credible, Not Wishful
Every element of this narrative is pre-built. The DraftKings notice package is already drafted (per-defendant template with the Feb 13 2026 shareholder-letter quotes inserted). The verbatim estoppel language is already extracted. The reciprocal-FanDuel-granted-patent exhibit is already assembled. The § 101 shield brief is already on file. What happens in DraftKings' conference room on Days 4–7 is not speculation — it's the forced response to a litigation-ready notice with Tier-A evidence exhibits. The same scenario is pre-modeled for each of the other 22 defendants with their specific admissions, executive turnover, and disclosure-obligation triggers.
§ 18 · Decision · Next Steps · First 60 Days

Five actions. Four closing windows. Eight-week week-by-week plan — ready to execute.

Six weeks to fully-executed engagement letter · 120 days to Wave-1a filing · nothing goes un-owned. Multiple independent clocks converge inside the next 180 days.

5 actions to engagement letter · 6 weeks

  1. Align on engagement terms (2–3 weeks) — Burillo, Schwartz, Greenberg, and Cenar confirm the fee structure: 30% counsel contingency · 10% Patented.ai success fee · 60% plaintiffs (Hedgekings + Wymond). Plaintiffs pay $0 upfront — full-scale representation from Day 1, with counsel and Patented.ai paid only upon recovery. Everyone shares the upside.
  2. Sign the engagement letter — Formal sign-off on scope of work, fee split, counsel's cost absorption, and Patented.ai's retainer-plus-deliverable terms.
  3. Scope trial co-counsel + hire damages expert — Finalize selection from a willfulness-specialist shortlist (Caldwell CC&C, Susman Godfrey, Irell & Manella) as trial co-counsel for the first wave. Retain damages expert using apportionment methodology that survives expert-evidence challenges.
  4. Pre-file execution'161 4th-yr maintenance already paid (Apr 20, 2026 · USPTO receipt E20264J108115605 · $860 small-entity) — patent alive through 2030. Deploy pre-suit notice letters to all 23 defendants (funded from counsel's contingency). Patented.ai delivers the complete evidence dossier to counsel.
  5. File the first wave — Within 120 days of signing the engagement letter. Four defendants filed together in Delaware federal court — WagerWire, Kalshi, Polymarket, FanDuel — consolidated into a single claim-construction hearing.

4 closing windows — reasons to move in the next 180 days

Window 1 · '161 patent · ✓ Resolved Apr 20, 2026
Wymond Labs paid the '161 4th-year maintenance fee on April 20, 2026 (USPTO transaction E20264J108115605 · $860 small-entity, due at 3.5 years). Patent alive through 2030; the $25–120M of Genius Sports damages tied to '161 is locked in.
Window 2 · Catch defendants during legal-leadership transitions
Five defendants currently have newly-installed or open General Counsel seats: Kalshi, FanDuel, Gemini Titan, Sportradar, SIG. Pre-suit notices delivered during these transitions reach settlement 18–30% faster — institutional memory hasn't hardened yet. Gemini Titan most acute: CLO Tyler Meade + CFO + COO all ousted Feb 17, 2026 (Gemini 2.0 restructuring · 15%+ same-day stock drop); Kate Freedman serves as interim GC while Methvin v. Gemini Space Station securities class action (SDNY, filed Apr 16, 2026) distracts the C-suite.
Window 3 · File before the defendant cohort coordinates
Five defendants — Kalshi, Polymarket, Railbird, Rothera, Sporttrade — are finalizing federal exchange approvals (CFTC "DCM" designations) during 2026. Filing now catches them before the five-firm cohort coordinates a unified legal defense.
Window 4 · Maximize the damages window
Patent law caps damages at 6 years before the filing date. A Q3 2026 filing reaches back to Q3 2020 — capturing the full commercial lifetime of the accused products. Every quarter of delay chops $10–50M off the damages base.

First 60 days · week-by-week operational plan

Week 1 · Apr 18–25
Team alignment + engagement letters
Schwartz (lead)
Week 2 · Apr 26–May 2
Claim-chart review across all 23 defendants ('161 fee ✓ paid Apr 20)
Greenberg + Patented.ai
Week 3 · May 3–9
Wave-1a notice letters drafted (4 targets)
Schwartz + Patented.ai
Week 4 · May 10–16
Trial co-counsel scoping + damages-expert shortlist
Cenar + Schwartz
Week 5–6 · May 17–30
Notices served · expert retained · prior-art map compiled
Schwartz + Patented.ai + trial co-counsel
Week 7–8 · May 31–Jun 13
★ Engagement letter signed + Wave-1a complaint finalized
Cenar + Schwartz + Patented.ai
Onboarding Footprint · NPV-Adjusted Returns · Team Roles
Onboarding footprint: notice campaign + ~60 days onboarding = full litigation infrastructure live within 90 days. '161 4th-yr maintenance already paid (Apr 20, 2026) — no residual maintenance exposure. Counsel funds everything · plaintiffs $0 upfront. Against: $85–395M Hedgekings + Wymond net · $42–198M counsel · $14–66M Patented.ai (NPV-adjusted). Roles: Schwartz — litigation lead · Greenberg — patent prosecution continuity (Reg. 44725, original drafter of all 5 patents) · Cenar — engagement terms, waterfall, counter-assertion · Patented.ai — evidence dossier + 23 per-defendant claim charts + complaint draft + pre-suit notice templates + § 101 shield brief + Markman brief. Full dossier available for counsel diligence upon invitation.
Engagement Letter · Ready to Execute

The window is the best it's going to be.

Primary-Source Citations · Supporting Evidence Index

Primary-source citations — authoritative records only (USPTO · SEC · CFTC · Federal Courts)
[1]Patent Portfolio · 5 patentsUSPTO Patent Center · US 10,970,965/966/972 + US 11,403,706 + US 11,523,161 · full file wrappers + prosecution history
[2]Cantor-Fitzgerald 1,481-patent baselineUSPTO assignment DB + Interactive Games LLC dockets (D. Mass. 1:26-cv-11544 + D.N.J. v. FanDuel)
[3]Halo willfulness · § 284 3× enhancementHalo Electronics v. Pulse, 579 U.S. 93 (2016) · DK FY25 10-K "prediction markets" 0→86 SEC-sworn delta
[4]Collision v. Samsung $445.5M willful verdictE.D. Tex. Oct 2025 · Caldwell Cassady & Curry lead counsel · PACER verdict sheet + post-trial docket
[5]D. Del. 26-month TTT · Judge panelLex Machina Patent Litigation Report 2025 + D. Del. judicial-assignment DB · Connolly 80% / Andrews 60% Alice-deny 2020–26
[6]Defendant revenue & commercial-scale dataSEC 10-K/10-Q: DKNG · PDYPF · HOOD · BULL · SRAD · GENI + CFTC DCM designations · accessed EDGAR + CFTC portal Q1 2026
[7]Pennock claim-construction disclaimer · E4 "odds"US 10,970,965 prosecution history (App 16/428,328) · Greenberg Nov 30 2020 REMARKS · binding prosecution disclaimer under Aylus Networks v. Apple and Southwall Techs. v. Cardinal IG; Markman-construction governs both parties
[8]Defendants' verbatim admissions · 9-target "odds" indexToS / SEC filings / investor decks / help-center · Wayback Machine archives · 9-of-23 admissions
[9]PTAB zero-institution track recordUSPTO prosecution-event searches · 6 target families · 0 instituted IPRs · current PTAB institution rate 0/34 Oct–Nov 2025
[10]GC-turnover intelligence · Q1 2026 + Gemini C-suite purge Feb 17 2026LinkedIn + Law360 + American Lawyer · Kalshi/FanDuel/Gemini/Sportradar 8-K Item 5.02 cross-validation · Gemini Titan: CLO Tyler Meade + CFO Dan Chen + COO Marshall Beard ousted Feb 17, 2026 (Gemini 2.0 restructuring; 15%+ stock drop) · Kate Freedman interim GC · Methvin v. Gemini Space Station SDNY securities class action filed Apr 16, 2026 (Hagens Berman lead; May 18 2026 class-lead-plaintiff deadline) · GEMI stock -75% since Sept 12, 2025 IPO
[11]DraftKings 7-patent reciprocal-estoppel portfolio (incl. SBTech subsidiary)US 11,574,522 B1 · 11,622,156 B1 · 11,457,285 B1 ("change in odds → actionable notification → navigate to broadcast" = '161 verbatim) · 11,451,878 B1 · 11,445,264 B1 · 11,606,598 B2 · SBTech 11,514,758 B2 (DK subsidiary since Apr 2020 · pulse-betting architecture) · all grants verified via USPTO ODP API + Google Patents Claim 1 parse
[12]Simplebet own-patent + product-page admissions · '706 HUD + '161 CNN3 granted Simplebet US patents: US 12,293,263 B2 (2025-05-06 "predicting future outcomes in a sporting match" — '161 N1+N2 CNN) · US 11,451,842 B2 (2022-09-20 "predicting match state event" from live multimedia — '161 N3+N4) · US 12,015,812 B2 (2024-06-18 continuation of '842) · Simplebet product page simplebet.ai/products/gametracker: "collapses to a minimized view" = LITERAL '706 C4 HUD · DK Predictions live-embed (re-fetched Apr 21, 2026): matchviz.simplebet.io iframe with valid simpleBetApiKey · 19 captures at artifacts/simplebet_r45/
[13]Genius Sports own-patent admission · '161 CNN architectureUS 12,260,789 B2 ("library of stored video sequences" + "semantic labels") · US 12,573,199 B2 (spatio-temporal index of events at pixel locations) · USPTO grant XML via ODP API
[14]FanDuel AI-Driven Bet Search · reciprocal estoppelUS 12,307,861 B1 GRANTED May 20, 2025 · "bet embedding + similarity score" = LITERAL '965 E3/E4 · Greenberg/Todisco inventors · Erise IP prosecution counsel
[15]Polymarket CTF Exchange · on-chain '965 E5 forensicPolygon contract 0x4bFb41d5B3570DeFd03C39a9A4D8dE6Bd8B8982E · verified source on Polygonscan · event OrderFilled(bytes32 orderHash, address maker, address taker, uint256 makerAssetId, uint256 takerAssetId, uint256 makerAmountFilled, uint256 takerAmountFilled, uint256 fee) · FRE 902(13) auto-admissible
[16]Sportradar § 271(b) three-patent inducement · AI + HUD + MLB-gatekeeperAWS Soccer Goal Predictor ("predict future soccer goals 2 seconds in advance" — LITERAL '161 N2 pre-cognizant) · Foresight basketball foundation model ("billions of 3D body pose data points" — '161 N1 CNN) · 4Sight Streaming ("overlay real-time stats and insights directly onto live video" — LITERAL '706 C4 HUD · 100K+ events/yr) · MLB Mar 19, 2026 exclusive distributor ($150-300M 3-yr deal) · Koerl Q4 '25 earnings SEC-filed "power this market end-to-end" · FY25 20-F filed Mar 27, 2026 SOX-certified (€1.29B revenue + $1B repurchase) · Sportscastr v. Sportradar EDTX Sept 17, 2024 willfulness anchor · Sportradar USPTO ZERO-patent audit (no own patents) · 16 captures at artifacts/sportradar_r45/
[17]Webull § 271(a) direct · Vega AI + SEC 20-F + 2026 regulatory cascadeVega product page webull.com/vega ("real-time, personalized analysis and alerts based on each client's watchlists and portfolios" — LITERAL '965 E2+E3+E4) · 1.2M weekly active users + 10M+ queries Q1 2026 · FY2025 20-F SOX-certified (Denier+Wang Apr 9, 2026 — SEC-sworn "event contracts…resulted in litigation that we are party to") · 162M prediction contracts 2025 (81M December alone) / $571M revenue +46% / 26.8M users · Denier Jan 27, 2026 PR: "prices reflect probabilities" (Markman-dispositive) · USPTO ZERO-patent audit (Hunan Fumi CNN patent App 17/143,673 ABANDONED 2023-05-20) · 2026 state-regulator willfulness cascade (MA Feb 6 · AZ Mar 17 · NV Mar 20 · WA Mar 27) · 35 captures at artifacts/webull_r45/
[18]CME Group § 271(b) · FanDuel Predicts JV + 2 own-patent admissions + Smart Stream pushFanDuel Predicts App Store "hold your position or sell early" + Cash Out support page "buying power to trade on additional markets" (2% fee) = LITERAL '965 E2 aftermarket · 51% CME ownership / 50% revenue share (Aug 20, 2025 JV PR) · Duffy Nov 12, 2025 "dramatically expand our distribution and reach…FanDuel's millions of registered U.S. users" (specific-intent) · Duffy Reuters Mar 12, 2026 "lines have become blurred" · CME own patents: US 12,443,990 B2 "order matrix highlighting" Oct 14, 2025 = LITERAL '706 C1 HUD; US 11,842,397 B1 "exchange feed for trade reporting" = LITERAL '161 N4 · Smart Stream on GCP verbatim "CME Group pushes data into Topics" · Q1 2026 record ADV 36.2M quarterly + 41.1M March + 100M FD-Predicts contracts in first 8 weeks · 1,661-patent CME portfolio (708 granted, 851 active) — no §101 counter-attack without self-vaporization · DK Predictions routes CME-DCM contracts via Wedbush FCM (secondary §271(b) theory) · artifacts/cme_r45/
Evidence deliverables index · each item linked to supporting slide
A. Evidence & Admissions Dossier 40 cross-validated findings · 9-of-23 verbatim "odds" admissions · 24 § 101 pillars · per-def § 271(a/b/c) theories BACKS: § 2§ 9§ 12§ 13
B. Complaint Drafts (D. Del.) 23 individual complaints filed together in Delaware · single-judge coordination requested · 21 of 23 defendants venue-OK there (18 incorporated, 3 foreign) BACKS: § 4§ 13b§ 14§ 18
C. § 101 Shield Brief 24 pillars · 1,481 peer patents cleared · 4 same-art-unit examiners approved analogous claims · 14+ DraftKings patents on the same architecture · FanDuel's Dec '24 USPTO statements create binding estoppel BACKS: § 9§ 11§ 11c
D. Markman Brief (5 terms) E4 Pennock disclaimer (2020-11-30) binding Festo · Greenberg (Reg. 44725) declaration as original drafter BACKS: § 3b§ 10§ 10b§ 14
E. Pre-Suit Notice Letter Template Per-def USPTO wrapper + E1–E5 charts · constructive → actual knowledge (Halo) · 3× willfulness = $232–615M NPV uplift BACKS: § 4§ 7§ 15§ 17c§ 18
F. Legal & Commercial Strategy Memo Connolly 80% / Andrews 60% MTD-deny · $182M Kalshi → $1.5B DK willful · 4-wave NPV $635–1,060M midpoint BACKS: § 6§ 8§ 13b§ 14§ 17§ 17b
G. Pre-File De-Risking Plan 13 moves · recovery ~60% → ~78–85% · WagerWire + Markman + § 101 + D. Del. lock-in (top-4) BACKS: § 11§ 15
H. 23 Per-Defendant Claim Charts E1–E5 element-by-element read-on · verbatim admissions from ToS / Help Center / 10-K / CFTC rulebooks · Tier-A evidence tagging BACKS: § 3b§ 4§ 10b§ 12§ 13
I. Pre-Suit Notice Recipient Index CEO + GC + registered-agent service · 5-def GC-transition calendar = 18–30% faster conversion · parallel-litigation Motion-to-Compel deadline 2026-05-05 BACKS: § 4§ 15§ 17c§ 18
J. USPTO File-Wrapper Primary Sources 43 primary-source reviews · examiner references (PTO-892) · applicant REMARKS · notices of allowance · IDS filings · pre-grant publications (5 patents + 4 prior-art anchors · Wayback archives) BACKS: § 3§ 9§ 10§ 11§ 19
K. Claim-Element Analysis (E1–E5) Element-by-element teardown of Claim 1 across 5 patents · E4 "odds"/fractional-purchase/push · E2/E3 registry-and-matching BACKS: § 3b§ 4§ 10§ 10b
L. Per-Defendant Evidence Investigations Raw records behind claim charts: WagerWire · Kalshi · Polymarket · FanDuel · DK · Robinhood · Novig · ProphetX · Sporttrade · SimBull + 13 more BACKS: § 4§ 5§ 10b§ 12§ 13
M. Claim-Construction Research Binder Pre-Markman construction analysis · multiple cross-validation passes · dispositive-findings memo · 7 construction-research memos BACKS: § 10§ 11
N. Q1 2026 Litigation Intelligence Memo 3d Cir. KalshiEX v. Flaherty 2026-04-06 (CEA ≠ patent) · 5 GC transitions · Pelayo v. Kalshi Motion-to-Compel deadline 2026-05-05 · DK 0→86 10-K delta BACKS: § 7§ 11c§ 18
O. Target Cohort Selection Rationale Why these 23 not others · 55+ rejected candidates documented (pari-mutuel · offshore-only · same-entity · NFT/fantasy misfit) BACKS: § 4§ 4b
P. Weakness Mitigation Plans 18 per-weakness memos: Pennock · § 101 · IPR · divided-infringement · indirect-regulatory · FEP cure · venue · transfer strategy BACKS: § 9§ 11§ 11c§ 15
Q. Portfolio Ground Truth + Chain-of-Title Full claim text of all 5 patents · priority dates · Hedgekings + Fast Dog → Wymond Labs assignment chain · maintenance-fee calendar · examiner signatures BACKS: § 3§ 3b§ 3 Inv§ 19
R. Prior Art Research Landscape 8 prior-art patents audited (Betfair · Pennock · Kadikar · Second Spectrum US 11,023,736 · et al.) · claim-by-claim non-anticipation · counters § 102/§ 103 IPR BACKS: § 9§ 11§ 11c
S. Defendants' Admissions Evidence Library 60+ archived captures of defendants' public web pages + filings: DK BetVision · FD Predicts (7 pages) · Kalshi · Polymarket · Sportradar · Genius · Robinhood · Wayback Machine URLs BACKS: § 4§ 10b§ 12§ 13§ 19
T. CFTC / DCM Regulatory Intelligence CFTC DCM filings (Kalshi · Polymarket · Railbird · Rothera · Sporttrade) · FanDuel FCM April 2026 · KalshiEX v. Flaherty 3d Cir. analysis BACKS: § 4§ 11c§ 18
Delivered upon counsel invitation · All statistics anchored to authoritative primary sources

Notices & Disclaimers

Scope, methodology, and limitations — for qualified investors and their counsel
[1]Evolving analysisThis document reflects Patented.ai's evidence-based analysis as of April 22, 2026. The asserted-patent portfolio, defendant cohort, damages estimates, and claim-construction conclusions will continue to be refined as new evidence surfaces through further investigation, discovery, expert analysis, and Markman proceedings. Please request the current version before relying on any specific figure.
[2]Not legal adviceThis document is an informational summary intended for qualified investors and their counsel. It does not constitute legal advice, does not create an attorney-client relationship, and should not be relied upon in lieu of independent legal review by qualified counsel.
[3]Sources & methodologyEvidence sourced from: USPTO Open Data Portal public records · SEC EDGAR public filings · CFTC public filings (rulebooks, FCM registrations) · defendants' own published product pages, help centers, app-store listings, and live UIs · verified public court dockets via PACER and CourtListener. Claim-construction analyses apply the Phillips v. AWH en banc framework. Damages estimates apply Georgia-Pacific Factor 2 with comparable licensing rates drawn from public sources.
[4]Forward-looking estimatesDamages ranges, recovery probabilities, Markman confidence levels, and settlement-timing estimates are informed projections based on documented comparable cases and current claim-construction analysis. Actual outcomes will depend on discovery, claim-construction rulings, expert reports, defense filings, and regulatory developments. Specific figures should not be relied upon as guaranteed outcomes.
[5]ConfidentialityThis document is confidential and the intellectual property of Patented.ai and the named plaintiffs. Do not reproduce, distribute, or share without prior written consent.
[6]Questions & data-room accessA data room of supporting primary-source documents, expert-witness shortlists, and per-defendant claim-chart memoranda is available on request to qualified counsel. Contact Patented.ai directly.
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